Alloy bronze coatings

The metallurgy selected for construction of a firewater pump is dependent on the properties of the water source to be used. For fresh water sources (i.e., public water mains), cast iron is normally adequate although bronze internals may be optional. Brackish or sea water utilization will require the use of highly corrosion resistance materials and possibly coatings. Typically specified metals include alloy bronze, monnel, ni-resistant, or duplex stainless steels sometime combined with a corrosion resistant paint or specialized coating. 

Often the OEM coatings depend on the nature and condition of the substrate to which paint is applied application methods and conditions drying time required and decorative and protective requirements. The substrate most commonly coated with industrial coatings are iron and steel, but also include other metals such as aluminum and its alloys, zinc-coated steel, brass, bronze, copper, and lead. Nonmetalhc substrates include timber and timber products, concrete, cement, glass, ceramics, fabric, paper, leather, and a wide range of different plastic materials. Consequently, industrial coatings are usually formulated for use on either a specific substrate or a group of substrates. 

Tin (Sn) is best known for its use as a protective coating for steel cans used for food storage. The coating protects the steel from corrosion. Tin is also a principal component in the alloys bronze, solder, and pewter. Tin is a soft metal that can be rolled into thin sheets of foil. 

Uses galvanizing sheet iron in alloys (bronze, brass, etc.), protective coatings for other metals, household utensils, etc. 

Because tin is rather expensive, it is rarely used alone however, it finds wide application in coatings, in platings, and in solders and alloys (bronze and pewter), in which it can be extended by use with a less expensive metal. 

In its oldest use tin was alloyed with copper and zinc to make bronze. Tin is still valuable today in alloys and coatings for steel. Cassiterite, a tin oxide, is the only... 

Tin coatings are widely used in the electrical industry because of their good contact properties and in the food industry because of low toxicity. In addition to pure tin coatings a number of alloy coatings have been developed for special applications, e.g. tin-lead (terne plate), tin-zinc, tin-cadmium, tin-bronze and tin-nickel. Reference should be made to Section 13.5 and to the publication by Britton for data on the corrosion of tin and its alloys. 

The fact that the composition of the speculum deposit must be closely controlled to obtain the best results has been a serious drawback to development. The coating finds uses on decorative hollow-ware, oil lamps and tableware. The bronze deposits with 10 or 20% tin are used lacquered in decorative metal-ware for domestic and personal ornament and, in thick layers to protect hydraulic pit props against corrosion and abrasion. They have also been used with success as undercoatings for nickel-chromium or tin-nickel alloy deposits. 

Striking of a smear or thin coating of alloy on rusty steel with a hammer. The glancing impact of stainless steel, mild steel, brass, copper-beryllium bronze, aluminium copper and zinc onto aluminium smears on rusty steel can initiate a thermite reaction of sufficient thermal energy to ignite flammable gas/vapour-air atmosphere or dust clouds. 

Tin has many uses, including coating (tins/cans for food), alloys such as bronze, organ pipes, solder, and the float glass process. It is also important in laboratory syntheses, in spite of the well-known toxicity problems. 

In electronic applications, where it is common to deposit copper and/or copper alloy and tin in sequence, with a nickel diffusion barrier layer, 0.5 fim thick, between the layers present, no failure occurs. Without the nickel layers between bronze/-copper/tin layers themselves, for instance, intermetaUic brittle layer(s) and Kirkendall voids are formed, leading eventually to separation of the coated system and substrate. 

Copper-zinc alloys with a higher zinc content (brass) cannot be ground or formed into flake pigments on account of their brittleness. Controlled oxidation of natural bronze powders converts them into fired bronze powders. These shades (e.g., English green, lemon, ducat gold, fire red) are produced as a result of interference effects that depend on the thickness of the oxide coating. 

Metal Effect Pigments Some metals, when prepared as small flakes, impart a special metallic appearance to the coatings and plastics in which they aie dispersed. Metals most often used in these applications are aluminum (aluminum bronzes), copper and copper-zinc alloys (gold bronzes), and in smaller amounts zinc, tin, nickel, gold, silver, and stainless steel. 

Zinc is used chiefly as a protective coating for other metals and in the manufacture of alloys such as bronzes, brass, and bearing metals. Lesser quantities of zinc are used in the manufacture of dry-cell batteries and as a reducing agent both in small-scale laboratory use and in the industrial production of less active metals such as silver. 

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