Antihistamines allergic rhinitis

Azelastine HCl Solution Allergic rhinitis/antihistamine Allergodil , Allergocrom , Cromohexal ... 

Levocabastine HCl Microsuspension Allergic rhinitis/antihistamine Livocab , Livostin ... 

Bums, M., Shanaman, J. E., and Shellenberger, C. H., 1994, A laboratory study of patients with chronic allergic rhinitis antihistamine effects on skilled performance, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 93 7lb-724. 

Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis, whereas decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, leukotriene modifiers, and systemic corticosteroids are secondary treatment options. 

Intranasal corticosteroids are the most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis during pregnancy. Beclomethasone and budesonide have been used most. Nasal cromolyn and first-generation antihistamines (chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, and hydroxyzine) are also considered first-line therapy. Loratadine and cetirizine have not been as extensively studied. 

Azelastine (Astelin) is an intranasal antihistamine that rapidly relieves symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, patients should be cau-... 

Levocabastine (Livostin) and olopatadine (Patanol) are ophthalmic antihistamines that can be used for allergic conjunctivitis that is often associated with allergic rhinitis. However, systemic antihistamines are usually effective for allergic conjunctivitis, making an ocular product unnecessary. They may be a logical addition to nasal glucocorticoids when ocular symptoms occur. 

Montelukast (Singulair) is a leukotriene receptor antagonist approved for treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. It is effective alone or in combination with an antihistamine. 

This second-generation histamine HI receptor blocker was put on the world market in the 1980s for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria [14], Janssen Pharmaceuticals marketed this dmg under the brand name Hismanal. The major benefit of these antihistamines was their... 

Cetirizine is a non-sedating antihistamine drug that may be used for symptomatic relief in allergic rhinitis (hay fever) as it reduces rhinorrhoea and sneezing. Fexofenadine is an active metabolite of terfenadine (another antihistamine). 

Blockade of histamine receptors. Allergic reactions are predominantly mediated by H receptors. Hi antihistamines (p. 114) are mostly used orally. Their therapeutic effect is often disappointing. Indications allergic rhinitis (hay fever). 

Hj antihistamines are clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions. Specifically, these indications may include allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic dermatological conditions (contact dermatitis), pruritus (atopic dermatitis, insect... 

Respiratory disease In general, antihistamines are not recommended to treat lower respiratory tract symptoms, because their anticholinergic effects may cause thickening of secretions and impair expectoration. However, several reports indicate antihistamines can be safely used in asthmatic patients with severe perennial allergic rhinitis. 

In allergic rhinitis the first choice treatment is a non sedating antihistamine, per oral or nasal. Local treatment with sodium cromoglicate often works well, sometimes in combination with antihistamines. In severe nasal congestion a local steroid is usually needed to alleviate the symptoms. 

Mechanism of Action An antihistamine that competes with histamine for histamine receptor sites on cells in the blood vessels, G1 tract, and respiratory tract. Therapeutic Effect Relieves symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis, such as increased mucus production and sneezing and symptoms associated with allergic conjunctivitis, such as redness, itching, and excessive tearing. 

Hansen 1, Klimek L, Hermann K. Pharmacological management of allergic rhinitis in the elderly. Safety issues with oral antihistamines. Drugs Aging 2005 22 289-296. 

More potent antihistamine than nonsedating agents (e.j first-line choice for allergic rhinitis... 

The newer antihistaminics agents e.g. Azelastme inhibits histamine release and also inflammatory reactions evoked by leukotrienes and plasma activating factor (PAF). It is used for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis in the form of nasal spray. Mizolastine, a non-sedating antihistaminic is used in allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Ebastine, another non-sedating antihistaminic is used in nasal and skin allergies. 

Lehman JM, Blaiss MS Selecting the optimal oral antihistamine for patients with allergic rhinitis. Drugs 2006 66 2309. [PMID 17181374] Lieberman P Anaphylaxis. Med Clin North Am 2006 90 77. [PMID 16310525]... 

Salib RJ, Howarth PH. Safety and tolerability profiles of intranasal antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Drug Saf 2003 26 863-93. 

Blaiss MS. Antihistamines treatment selection criteria for pediatric seasonal allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2005 26 95-102. 

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