Allen, Michael

Allen, Michael J.B. "Marsilio Ficino, Hermes Trismegistus, and the "Corpus Hermeticum"." In New perspectives on Renaissance thought essays in the history of science, education and philosophy, in memory of Charles B Schmitt, eds. John Henry and Sarah Hutton, 38-47. London Duckworth, 1990. 

Alternative, also stereoselective, routes to allenic steroids take advantage of cationic cyclization reactions [108] or [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements [109]. For example, the allenic Michael acceptor 112 was prepared with 57% chemical yield by reaction of mestranol (111) with diethyl chlorophosphite and was found to inhibit the sterol biosynthesis of the pathogen responsible for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), the most abundant AIDS-related disease (Scheme 18.36) [110]. 

David J. Ager, David R. Allen, Michael B. East, Ian G. Fotheringham, Scott A. Laneman, Weiguo Liu, David P. Pantaleone, David R.. Schaad, and Paul P. Taylor... 

Alijah Alexander, 262 Allen Michael R, 385 Amos A. Terry, 835 Anderson Carl David, 126, 327... 

Abragam Anatole 668 Abramovitz Milton 481 Adamowicz Ludwik 513, 573 Adams John E. 765, 784, 790 Adleman Leonard M. 851, 878, 879,880 Aharonov Yakir 968 Ahlrichs Reinhart 356, 532 Albrecht Andreas A. 395 Alder Berni Julian 278, 825 Alderton Mark 702,1019 Alexander Steven 269 Alijah Alexander 222, 272, 273 Allen Michael P. 322 Allinger Norman L. 286,291 Amos A. Terry 716 Anderson Carl David 14,113,268 Andre Jean-Marie 90, 140, 374, 431, 465, 487,496, 642, 644 Andre Marie-Claude 90,140 Andzelm Jan 602, 612 Anfinsen Christian 294 Aquilanti Vincenzo 742 Arndt Markus 43 Arrhenius Svante August 832 Aspect Alain 3,14,46,53,54 Atkins Peter William 70,381,920 Auger Pierre Victor 270 van der Avoird Ad 284,717 Axilrod Benjamin M. 565, 741, 758, 761 Ayers Paul W. 395... 

Hillar, Marian, and Claire S. Allen. Michael Servetus Intellectual Giant, Humanist, and Martyr. New York University Press of America, 2002. 

Allen, Michael Thad, and Gabrielle Hecht, eds. 2001. Technologies of Power Essays in Honor of Thomas Parke Hughes and Agatha Chipley Hughes. Cambridge MIT Press. 

Allen, Michael. Poe and the British Magazine Tradition. New York Oxford University Press, 1969. 

Hydroaminomethylahon of alkenes [path (c)j wiU not be considered [12]. This review deals exclusively with the hydroaminahon reaction [path (d)], i.e. the direct addition of the N-H bond of NH3 or amines across unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. It is devoted to the state of the art for the catalytic hydroamination of alkenes and styrenes but also of alkynes, 1,3-dienes and allenes, with no mention of activated substrates (such as Michael acceptors) for which the hydroamination occurs without catalysts. Similarly, the reachon of the N-H bond of amine derivatives such as carboxamides, tosylamides, ureas, etc. will not be considered. 

MICHAEL J. ALLEN, DAVID G.H. LIVERMORE and JACQUELINE E. MORDAUNT ... 

Eckstut, Michael, Outlook 11, Booz-Allen and Hamilton New York, 1987. 

Clulee, Nicholas H. "John Dee and the Paracelsians." In Reading the hook of nature The other side of the Scientific Revolution, eds. Allen George Debus and Michael T. Walton, 111-132. Kirksville (MO) Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1998. 

Debus, Allen George and Michael Thomson Walton, eds. Reading the book of Nature the other side of the scientific revolution. Sixteenth century essays studies, no. 41. Kirkville (MO) Sixteenth Century P, 1998. 

A typical second step after the insertion of CO into aryl or alkenyl-Pd(II) compounds is the addition to alkenes [148]. However, allenes can also be used (as shown in the following examples) where a it-allyl-r 3-Pd-complex is formed as an intermediate which undergoes a nucleophilic substitution. Thus, Alper and coworkers [148], as well as Grigg and coworkers [149], described a Pd-catalyzed transformation of o-iodophenols and o-iodoanilines with allenes in the presence of CO. Reaction of 6/1-310 or 6/1-311 with 6/1-312 in the presence of Pd° under a CO atmosphere (1 atm) led to the chromanones 6/1-314 and quinolones 6/1-315, respectively, via the Jt-allyl-r 3-Pd-complex 6/1-313 (Scheme 6/1.82). The enones obtained can be transformed by a Michael addition with amines, followed by reduction to give y-amino alcohols. Quinolones and chromanones are of interest due to their pronounced biological activity as antibacterials [150], antifungals [151] and neurotrophic factors [152]. 

Lower order cyanocuprates RCu(CN)Li displayed again a different behavior although they usually do not react with acceptor-substituted enynes, the cyanocuprate tBuCu(CN)Li nevertheless underwent anti-Michael additions to 2-en-4-ynoates (e.g. 70) and nitriles affording allenes of type 73 (Scheme 2.26) [51]. Unfortunately, an adequate interpretation of the abnormal behavior of this particular cuprate is still lacking. 

Analogously, the trienynoate 92 reacted in a 1,10-addition to give the 3,5,7,8-tetra-enoate 93 and the even higher unsaturated allene 95 was obtained from the Michael acceptor 94 containing four double bonds between the triple bond and the acceptor substituent (Scheme 2.33). In the latter case, however, the yield was only 26% this is presumably due to the reduced thermal stability of the starting material and/or the addition product (the 1,12-adduct 95 was the only isolable reaction product, apart from polymeric compounds) [57]. 

Similar models explain the 1,8-, 1,10- and 1,12-addition reactions to the extended Michael acceptors 91, 93 and 95, respectively (Schemes 2.32 and 2.33). Again, these transformations start with the formation of a cuprate Jt-complex at the double bond neighbouring the acceptor group [61a]. Subsequently, an equilibrating mixture of a-copper(III) intermediates is presumably formed and the regioselectivity of the reaction may then be governed by the different relative rates of the reductive elimination step of these intermediates. Consequently, the exclusive formation of allenic prod-... 

Intermediates such as 224 resulting from the nudeophilic addition of C,H-acidic compounds to allenyl ketones such as 222 do not only yield simple addition products such as 225 by proton transfer (Scheme 7.34) [259]. If the C,H-acidic compound contains at least one carbonyl group, a ring dosure is also possible to give pyran derivatives such as 226. The reaction of a similar allenyl ketone with dimethyl mal-onate, methyl acetoacetate or methyl cyanoacetate leads to a-pyrones by an analogous route however, the yields are low (20-32%) [260], The formation of oxaphos-pholenes 229 from ketones 227 and trivalent phosphorus compounds 228 can similarly be explained by nucleophilic attack at the central carbon atom of the allene followed by a second attack of the oxygen atom of the ketone at the phosphorus atom [261, 262], Treatment of the allenic ester 230 with copper(I) chloride and tributyltin hydride in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) affords the cephalosporin derivative 232 [263], The authors postulated a Michael addition of copper(I) hydride to the electron-... 

Donor- and acceptor-substituted allenes with general structures 1 or 2 (Scheme 8.1) have the most obvious synthetic potential among functionalized allene derivatives and therefore they serve as versatile building blocks in many synthetic endeavors [1], As expected, the reactivity of the double bonds of 1 or 2, which are directly connected to the activating substituents, are strongly influenced by these groups. Hence there is enol ether or enamine reactivity of 1 and Michael acceptor type chemistry of 2. In addition, the terminal double bonds are also influenced by these functional groups. 

Pharmacologically active allenic steroids have already been examined intensively for about 30 years [5], Thus, the only naturally occurring allenic steroid 107 had been synthesized 3 years before its isolation from Callyspongia diffusa and it had been identified as an inhibitor of the sterol biosynthesis of the silkworm Bombyx mori (Scheme 18.34) [86d], At this early stage, allenic 3-oxo-5,10-secosteroids of type 108 were also used for the irreversible inhibition of ketosteroid isomerases in bacteria, assuming that their activity is probably caused by Michael addition of a nucleophilic amino acid side chain of the enzyme at the 5-position of the steroid [103, 104]. Since this activity is also observed in the corresponding /3,y-acetylenic ketones, it can be rationalized that the latter are converted in vivo into the allenic steroids 108 by enzymatic isomerization [104, 105],... 

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