4-Nonylphenol diethoxylate

NP2EC Nonylphenoxyethoxy-acetic acid NP2EO Nonylphenol diethoxylate... 

Brunner PH, Capri S, Marcomini A, Giger W (1988) Occurrence and behaviour of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate, nonylphenol, nonylphenol mono- and nonylphenol diethoxylates in sewage and sewage sludge treatment. Water Res 22 1465-1472... 

Cravedi, J.P., G. Boudry, M. Baradat, D. Rao and L. Debrauwer. Metabolic fate of 2,4-dichloroaniline, prochloraz and nonylphenol diethoxylate in rainbow trout a comparative in vivotin vitro approach. Aquat. Toxicol. 53 159-172, 2001. 

Sturm, A., J.P. Cravedi, E. Perdu, M. Baradat and H. Segner. Effects of prochloraz and nonylphenol diethoxylate on hepatic biotransformation enzymes in trout a comparative in vitrolin vivo-assessment using cultured hepatocyte. Aquat. Toxicol. 53 229-245, 2001. 

Sturm, A., J.-P. Cravedi and H. Segner. Prochloraz and nonylphenol diethoxylate inhibit an mdrl-like activity in vitro, but do not alter hepatic levels of P-glycoprotein in trout exposed in vivo. Aquat. Toxicol. 53 215-228, 2001. 

Recent research has begun to characterize the presence of ECs in a variety of waste sources (e.g., wastewater treatment plants, onsite septic systems, etc.) to better understand their potential pathways into the environment. Although data on transformation products for emerging contaminants is more limited when compared to other compounds, such as pesticides, a growing number of methods to detect such transformation products are being developed and select compounds have been found in a variety of waste sources, including wastewater treatment plants [7,67,74-78], septic systems [13,79], landfills [80], and animal manure [81,82]. For example, in a study of waste from wastewater treatment plants [75] and septic systems [13] (Tables 2-3), 1,7-dimethylxanthine (caffeine metabolite), 4-nonylphenol diethoxylate and... 

The first national-scale study of emerging contaminants in the United States found that such compounds were commonly present in stream systems, with 80% of the streams sampled having at least one compound detected [11]. Over 60% of the chemical concentrations exceeding 1 xg/L were from three detergent metabolites (4-nonylphenol, 4-nonylphenol monoethoxylate, and 4-nonylphenol diethoxylate). In addition, transformation products also were frequently detected (e.g., cotinine, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, erythromycin H2O). This study indicated the enormous potential for parent compoimds to degrade during environmental transport and for the transformation products to contribute much of the relative loading of these contaminants. The results confirm the need to include both parent compoimds and transformation products in occurrence studies. 

Ejlertsson J, Nilsson ML, Kylin H, Bergman A, Karlson L, Oquist M, Svensson BH (1999) Anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylates in digestor sludge, landfilled municipal solid waste, and landfilled sludge. Environ Sci Technol 33 301-306... 

In this chapter, in addition to presenting a comprehensive summary of reviews already published about the presence of APEOs and their metabolites [9,10], which cover mainly nonylphenol (NP), NP mono-ethoxylate (NPEOi) and NP diethoxylate (NPEO2), we focus on describing a complete picture of APEO and so far known metabolites, including those less widely investigated, such as the NP ethoxycarboxylates (NPECs). 

A combination steam distillation/solvent extraction apparatus is effective for removing APE metabolites nonylphenol and its mono-and diethoxylates, from sewage sludge (16,17). This technique has also been demonstrated for isolation of alkylbenzene and other materials from sludge (17). 

Carboxylates of nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylates low resolution separation together with LAS and sulfophenylcar-acids... 

Ejlertsson, J., M. Nilsson, H. Kylin, A. Bergman, L. Karlson, M. Oquist, B. H. Svensson, Anaerobic degradation of nonylphenol mono- and diethoxylates in digestor sludge, landfilled municipal solid waste, and landfilled sludge. Environ. Sci. Techmd., 1999,33, 301-306. Marcomini, A., C. Tortato, S. Capri, A. Liberatori, Preparation, characterization and RP-HPLC determination of sulfophenyl and nonylphenoxy carboxylates, Ann. Chim. (Rome), 1993, (ii, 461 84. 

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