Alkyl polyglycosides properties

The intelligent combination of alkyl polyglycoside and glyceryl oleate resulted in a new product that combines emulsifying and cleansing properties with outstand-... 

Hirsinger F (1997) Life-cycle inventory. In Rybinski W, Hill K (eds) Alkyl polyglycosides technology properties and applications. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim... 

This means that the ratio of furanosides to pyranosides obtained will depend on the conversion-contact time. If reaction of the glucosides is taken to the thermodynamic equilibrium the pyranoside to furanoside ratio is ca 95 5 and the molai ratio of aip is 65 35. The thermodynamic composition of the isomers varies from one monosaccharide to another [5]. A side-reaction is the oligopolymeriza-tion of the sugar with formation of alkyl polyglycosides. An average polymerization degree is defined APG) that influences the final hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties [6]. 

A present-day boom of interest to alkyl polyglycosides APG, known however for hundred years, is caused by several reasons finding of technologically acceptable and cost-effective ways of their synthesis, availability of renewable resources (starch, treacle and alcohols of natural origin), environmental compatibility, high surface activity, excellent usage and dermatological properties [4-6 24]. 

Source Adapted from Andree, H., Hessel, J. F., Kings, P., Meine, G., Middelhauve, B., and Schmid, K., in Alkyl Polyglycosides Technology, Properties and Applications, WCHPKh s >e.rs, New York, 1997, 98-130. 

One successful solution to overcome the problem of nonselective derivatization of carbohydrates was the glucosidation found by Fischer [12], The technical process is an adaptation of Fischer s synthesis using long-chain fatty alcohols and a controlled degree of polymerization. So alkyl polyglycosides (APG) with different application properties can be produced. 

K. Hill et al. (ed), Alkyl polyglycosides - Technology, Properties and Applications, VCH, Weinheim, Germany (1997). 

Emil Fischer discovered the synthesis of alkyl glycosides by reaction of glucose and alcohol in the presence of an acidic catalyst. During the course of the further development of alkyl polyglycosides, several laboratory methods have been developed for synthesis of a variety of substances and to facilitate study of their physicochemical properties [3,12-15]. The various syntheses... 

Alkyl polyglycosides were found to possess remarkable physical chemical properties which, in some cases, differ clearly from those of other nonionic surfactants. Significant differences, especially in relation to the behavior of fatty alcohol ethoxylates, are highlighted in the following. 

This provides for interesting applications because, in contrast to fatty alcohol ethoxylates, temperature-stable microemulsions can be formed with alkyl polyglycosides. By varying the surfactant content, the type of surfactant used, and the oil/water ratio, microemulsions can be produced with custom-made performance properties, such as transparency, viscosity, refatting effect, and foaming behavior. In mixed systems of, say, alkyl ether sulfates and nonionic coemulsifiers (alkyl polyglycoside), extended microemulsion areas... 

Alkyl polyglycosides combine properties of conventional nonionics and anionics. By far the largest proportion of commercial products is represented... 

For the use in hard surface cleaners and laundry detergents, alkyl polyglycosides have a number of interesting properties [105-109] ... 

Hill, K. von Rybinski, W. StoU, G. Alkyl Polyglycosides Technology, Properties and Applications, VCH Weinheim, 1997. 

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