Alkyl halides common names

There are two ways of naming alkyl halides. The systematic (IUPAC) nomenclature treats an alkyl halide as an alkane with a halo- substituent Fluorine is fluoro-, chlorine is chloro-, bromine is bromo-, and iodine is iodo-. The result is a systematic haloalkane name, as in 1-chlorobutane or 2-bromopropane. Common or trivial names are constructed by naming the alkyl group and then the halide, as in isopropyl bromide. This is the origin of the term alkyl halide. Common names are useful only for simple alkyl halides, such as the following ... 

Alkyl halides are named using the IUPAC rules for alkanes. Naming the alkyl group attached to the halogen and adding the inorganic halide name for the halogen atom creates common names. 

The amines are a group of compounds with the general formula R-NHj, and all the common amines are hazardous. As a class the amines pose more than one hazard, being flammable, toxic, and, in some cases, corrosive. The amines are an analogous series of compounds and follow the naming pattern of the alkyl halides and the alcohols that is, the simplest amine is methyl amine, with the molecular formula of CH NHj. Methyl amine is a colorless gas with an ammonia-like odor and an ignition temperature of 806°F. It is a tissue irritant and toxic, and it is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of many chemicals. Ethyl amine is next in the series, followed by propyl amine, isopropyl amine, butyl amine and its isomers, and so on. 

The sex attractant given off by the common housefly is an alkene named muscahtre. Propose a synthesis of muscalure starting from acetylene and any alkyl halides needed. What is the IUPAC name for muscalure ... 

Although members of the class are commonly called alkyl halides, they are named systematically as haloalkanes (Section 3.4), treating the halogen as a substituent on a parent alkane chain. There are three steps ... 

Common names for simple haloalkanes are accepted by the IUPAC => alkyl halides (radicofunctional nomenclature). 

The alkyldiazenido complexes [MoX(N2R)(dppe)2] are generally synthesized by reaction of alkyl halides with [Mo(N2)2(dppe)2]. The reaction mechanism has been elucidated in some detail,140 and is believed to involve a step in common with substitution reactions of the bis(dinitrogen) species, namely rate-controlling reversible thermal loss of N2 (equation 14). The full reaction sequence is set out in equation (15). 

The term stereoselective is often confused with the term stereospecific, and the literature abounds with views as to the most satisfactory definition. To offer some clarification, it is perhaps timely to recall a frequently used term, introduced a decade or so ago, namely the stereoelectronic requirements of a reaction. All concerted reactions (i.e. those taking place in a synchronised process of bond breaking and bond forming) are considered to have precise spatial requirements with regard to the orientation of the reactant and reagent. Common examples are SN2 displacement reactions (e.g. Section 5.10.4, p. 659), E2 anti) elimination reactions of alkyl halides (e.g. Section 5.2.1, p.488), syn (pyrolytic) elimination reactions (Section 5.2.1, p.489), trans and cis additions to alkenes (e.g. Section 5.4.5, p. 547), and many rearrangement reactions. In the case of chiral or geometric reactants, the stereoisomeric nature of the product is entirely dependent on the unique stereoelectronic requirement of the reaction such reactions are stereospecific. 

Know the common names of the alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, methylene halides, and haloforms. 

Q Name alkyl halides, explain their physical properties, and describe their common uses. 

The systematic (lUPAC) method for naming alkyl halides follows from the basic rules described in Chapter 4. Common names are also discussed in Section 7.2B, because many low molecular weight alkyl halides are often referred to by their common names. 

Common names for alkyl halides are used only for simple alkyl halides. To assign a common name ... 

As we know from our previous acquaintance with these compounds, alkyl halides are given both common names and lUPAC names. 

The common names of alkyl halides consist of the name of the alkyl group, followed by the name of the halogen—with the ine ending of the halogen name replaced by ide (i.e., fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide). 

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