Alkyl groups nitrogen, attachment

Some characteristic ions in the mass spectra of quinolines include m/z 102, 128, 156, and so on. Again, as in alkyl pyridines, RCN is lost if the alkyl group is attached to the carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen atom. 

Alkyl pyrazines lose RCN from their molecular ions when the alkyl group is attached to the carbon adjacent to the nitrogen atom. 

Step 3 Name the other alkyl group(s) attached to the nitrogen atom. Instead of position numbers, use the letter N- to locate the group(s). (If two identical alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom, use N,N-.) This is the prefix. 

Aromatic amines are usually given names (both conunon and lUPAC) based on aniline, the simplest aromatic amine. They are named as substimted anilines, and an italic capital N is used to indicate that an alkyl group is attached to the nitrogen and not to the ring. If two groups are attached to the nitrogen, an italic capital N is used for each one. Some examples are... 

If alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom of amides (substituted amides), the name of the alkyl group precedes the name of the amide, and an italic capital A is used to indicate that the alkyl group is bonded to the nitrogen. 

In cationic surfactants, the presence of short-chain alkyl groups (fewer than four carbon atoms) attached to the nitrogen seem to have little effect on the efficiency of adsorption of the molecule. The dominant factor will always be the length of the primary hydrophobic chain. That effect is true regardless of whether the alkyl groups are attached to a quaternary ammonium group, an amine oxide, or a heterocyclic nucleus such as pyridine. 

Limitations are also imposed by the nature of the alkyl group in the alkyl halide. Broadly speaking, the alkyl halides which react with ammonia (or amines) to give amines and quaternary ammonium salts are those which are susceptible to substitution by the 3, 2 mechanism. Amines preparable by this route are consequendy those in which primary or secondary alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen atom. Attempts at alkylation of ammonia and amines using tertiary alkyl halides are normally frustrated by the occurrence of alternative elimination reactions and such problems are also apparent with other halides in which structural features favour alternative reactions (reaction 24) An important group of tertiary halides which may be... 

An amine is a compound in which one or more hydrogens of ammonia have been replaced by alkyl groups. Amines are classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary, depending on how many alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen. Primary amines have one alkyl group attached to the nitrogen, secondary amines have two, and tertiary amines have three. 

The stability of aliphatic carbodiimides in which primary alkyl groups are attached to the nitrogen is limited in contrast, diisopropyl-, dicyclohexyl and di-t-butylcarbodiimides are indefinitely stable. Also, Af-methyl-Af -t-butylcarbodiimide is a stable compound. 

In spite of being ionic many quaternary ammonium salts dissolve m nonpolar media The four alkyl groups attached to nitrogen shield its positive charge and impart lipophilic character to the tetraalkylammonium ion The following two quaternary ammonium salts for example are soluble m solvents of low polarity such as benzene decane and halo genated hydrocarbons... 

Alkyl groups attached to pyridopyrimidines adjacent to a nitrogen are activated , i.e. they are readily deprotonated and react with electrophilic reagents as their anions, or resonance stabilized equivalents, e.g. (64). This ready deprotonation, of course, leads to facile exchange of the alkyl protons for deuterium (Sections 2.15.2.2.1, 2.15.4.2), but, in... 

Alkylamine (Section 22.1) Amine in which the organic groups attached to nitrogen are alkyl groups. 

Unsymmetrically substituted secondary and tertiary amines are named as iV-substituted primary amines. The largest alkyl group is chosen as the parent name, and the other alkyl groups are N-substituents on the parent (jY because they re attached to nitrogen). 

Organic derivatives of ammonia are called amines. Because nitrogen is trivalent, amines can be primary (attached to one carbon), secondary (attached to two carbons), or tertiary. All amines are basic, and their strength as bases increases with the number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen that is, methyl amine is a stronger base than ammonia and trimethylamine is stronger than dimethylamine. Amines can be prepared from ammonia and an alkyl halide ... 

Alkylation at several sites on the DNA bases affords an attachment that is chemically stable. Nucleophilic sites that typically yield stable alkyl attachments include the exocyclic nitrogen atoms ISPG, N A, N C, the amide-type nitrogens NIG, NIT, 0 G, and Alkyl groups on phosphate residues in DNA are typically stable... 

Organic compounds having four alkyl groups attached to nitrogen. A quaternary ammonium salt is employed in reversing the electric charge on natural rubber latex quaternary ammonium dithiocarbamates are ultra-accelerators for rubber vulcanisation. 

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