Alkyl group general formula

Amides have the formulas RCONH2, RCONHR, or RCONR R" where a carbonyl group is bonded to a nitrogen atom bearing hydrogen and/or alkyl groups. General formulas and some specific examples are shown below. 

Compound in which an alkyl or aryl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to a carbonyl group and a hydrogen atom are attached to a carbonyl group general formula, O-R-C-H Alkali Metals... 

The letter R is used as a general symbol for an alkyl group. The formula R—H therefore represents any alkane, and the formula R—Cl stands for any alkyl chloride (methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, and so on). 

Alkyl groups have little effect The ionization constants of all acids that have the general formula C H2 +iC02H are very similar to one another and equal approximately 10 (p/ifa = 5) Table 19 2 gives a few examples... 

Phosphate Esters. A variety of phosphate esters are used as synthetic lubricants, particularly because of their good fire resistance. They have the general formula OP(OR)2, where R may represent a variety of aryl or alkyl hydrocarbon groups containing four or more carbon atoms to give three broad classes triaryl, trialkyl, and aryl alkyl phosphates (37,38). 

To improve the performance of acryUc elastomers, side chains are required where the 5 value is higher than with alkyl groups. Thus the use of polar groups, for instance heteroatoms, is suggested. The general formula for these acrylate monomers may be portrayed as follows ... 

Ethers are compounds of the general formula Ar—O—Ar, Ar—O—R, and R—O—where Ar is an aryl group and R is an alkyl group. If the two R or Ar groups are identical, the compound is a symmetrical ether. Examples of symmetrical ethers are (di)methyl ether, CH OCH, and (di)phenyl ether,... 

The amines are a group of compounds with the general formula R-NHj, and all the common amines are hazardous. As a class the amines pose more than one hazard, being flammable, toxic, and, in some cases, corrosive. The amines are an analogous series of compounds and follow the naming pattern of the alkyl halides and the alcohols that is, the simplest amine is methyl amine, with the molecular formula of CH NHj. Methyl amine is a colorless gas with an ammonia-like odor and an ignition temperature of 806°F. It is a tissue irritant and toxic, and it is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of many chemicals. Ethyl amine is next in the series, followed by propyl amine, isopropyl amine, butyl amine and its isomers, and so on. 

Ethylmalonic Acid.—Like acetoacetic ester (see p. 83), diethylmalonate contains the gioup CO.CHj.CO. By the action of sodium or sodium alroholate, the hydrogen atoms of the methylene group are successively replaceable by sodium. The sodium atoms are in turn replaceable by alkyl or acyl groups. Thus, in the present preparation, ethyl malonic ester is obtained by the action of ethyl iodide on the monosodium compound. If this substance be treated with a second molecule of sodium alcoholate and a second molecule of alkyl iodide, a second radical would be in roduced, and a compound formed of the general formula... 

From both economic and ecological points of view, substances derived from esters of monocarboxylic acids sulfonated in the a position form an interesting class of surfactants [1]. The general formula of these a-sulfomonocarboxylic esters, also called a-sulfo fatty acid esters or, in short, a-ester sulfonates, is Rj-CH(S03Me)-C00-R2 (with Rj and R2 = alkyl groups, Me = alkali metal). 

The general formulas of polyoxyethylene mono- and diesters of phosphoric acid are shown in structures (3) and (4), respectively, where R is either an alkyl or an alkylphenyl group, and n is 2-18 [18]. 

Acetylsalicylic acid is an example of an ester, a class of organic compounds with the general formula RCOOR. Esters contain an ester linkage consisting of a carbonyl group to which an alkyl group (R) and an alkoxy group (OR ) are bonded (Fig. 13.4.1). Under either acidic or basic conditions or in the presence... 

If an alkyl group is bonded to a substitute of high ionization energy one can observe a homologous series (sometimes quite abundant) of even-electron ions with general formula CnH2n+. 

Push-pull or capto-dative ethylenes can be represented by the general formula 1 where A and/or B represent electron-donating groups and X and/or Y represent electron-accepting groups. Other substituents may be aryl or alkyl groups. The conformational properties of such compounds have been the subject of much... 

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