Alkyl-cycloalkyl

The (A/-alkylated) lactam of 8-aminonaphthalenecarboxylic acid (47) also is a valuable dye iatemiediate, eg, for cyclometbine-type dyes used for dyeiag polyacrylonitrile fibers and other synthetics. 1,8-Naphtholactams are prepared in high yield and purity by the reaction of naphtholactones with RNH2 (R = H, Cl—4 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl) in aqueous medium, usually in the presence of bisulfite at 150°C over a period of 15 h (143). 

Dialkyl peroxides have the stmctural formula R—OO—R/ where R and R are the same or different primary, secondary, or tertiary alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aralkyl hydrocarbon or hetero-substituted hydrocarbon radicals. Organomineral peroxides have the formulas R Q(OOR) and R QOOQR, where at least one of the peroxygens is bonded directly to the organo-substituted metal or metalloid, Q. Dialkyl peroxides include cyclic and bicycflc peroxides where the R and R groups are linked, eg, endoperoxides and derivatives of 1,2-dioxane. Also included are polymeric peroxides, which usually are called poly(alkylene peroxides) or alkylene—oxygen copolymers, and poly(organomineral peroxides) (44), where Q = As or Sb. 

Transesterification has become a convenient method for synthesi2ing high alkyl, aryl, or alkyl aryl carbonates. Fiber- and film-forming polycarbonates are produced by transesterifying dialkyl, dicycloalkyl, or diaryl carbonates with alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl dihydroxy compounds (62). 

The Curtius rearrangement is a useful method for the preparation of isocyanates as well as of products derived thereof. The substituent R can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, a heterocyclic or unsaturated group most functional groups do not interfere. 

R and Rf are = or f primary, secondary, tertiary alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl and heterocyclic radicals... 

Fig. 19 Synthesis and cyclative cleavage of 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidines using microwave-assisted solid-phase protocol. Reagents and conditions a DMF, camphorsul-phonic acid, MW 80 °C, 30 min, open vessel b EtONa, EtOH/THF (4/1), MW 130 °C, to min, closed vessel. Y = O, NEt2 R = Me, i-Pr R = Et R" = H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, benzyl R" = H, Me, Et...

R = alkyl, trimethylsllyl R = H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, trimethylsllyl... 

A mixture of water/pyridine appears to be the solvent of choice to aid carbenium ion formation [246]. In the Hofer-Moest reaction the formation of alcohols is optimized by adding alkali bicarbonates, sulfates [39] or perchlorates. In methanol solution the presence of a small amount of sodium perchlorate shifts the decarboxylation totally to the carbenium ion pathway [31]. The structure of the carboxylate can also support non-Kolbe electrolysis. By comparing the products of the electrolysis of different carboxylates with the ionization potentials of the corresponding radicals one can draw the conclusion that alkyl radicals with gas phase ionization potentials smaller than 8 e V should be oxidized to carbenium ions [8 c] in the course of Kolbe electrolysis. This gives some indication in which cases preferential carbenium ion formation or radical dimerization is to be expected. Thus a-alkyl, cycloalkyl [, ... 

Addition of an organolithium and Grignard reagent across the peroxy bridge of endoperoxides gives c/s-cyclohex-2-en-l,4-diols. Alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl moieties can be transferred to oxygen <96TL6635>. 

Some structure-activity relationships of a further developed R4, R5 alkyl/cycloalkyl series (2a-o, Fig. 10, Table 1) were also investigated. This study [69] revealed structural features that favored allosteric enhancing activity, such as benzoyl lipophilic substitution and thiophene 4-alkyl substitution, while other features, such as thiophene 5-bulky substitution, favored antagonistic properties. Upon further analysis, a... 

In Method 2, described by Rule A-31, the saturated cyclic parent is named as a polycyclo-[.. jalkane. The alkane name identifies the total number of carbon atoms in the ring system. The names bicyclo, tricyclo, tetracyclo, etc. identify parent compounds of two, three, four, etc. rings. Double bonds in the ring are identified by names such as w-alkenc, ,/w-alkadicne, where the n and m give the position of the double bond. Substituents consist of alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, etc. radicals. 

In West Germany pyridazinium compounds as represented by formula (120, R1 = halogen, alkyl, aryl R2 = H, alkyl R3 = substituted amino R4 = substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl) have been claimed as antibacterial agents [338]. In Australia, mercapto derivatives of several nitrogen heteroaromatics including pyridazine-derived compounds (121, R = CONH2, CH2NMe2) have been prepared in a search of amplifiers of phleomycin [339] however, only low activity has been observed in this series. 

The acylated Meldrum s acid approach has also been used by Shaefer et al. [57] and recently by Reverchon and coworkers [53] to prepare novel synthetic AT-(3-oxoacyl)-L-HSL derivatives with their acyl side-chain modified by introducing unsaturation, ramified alkyl, cycloalkyl 18 or aryl 19 substituents at the C-4 position. 

Scheme 43 Intermolecular cathodic heterocoupling of ketones with oximes Rh R alkyl, cycloalkyl, yields 43-98%.

Table 1 Nonprotein amino acids containing alkyl, cycloalkyl, or haloalkyl side chains...

Recently, the power of solid-phase synthesis and combinatorial chemistry was employed for the synthesis of several libraries of structurally modified DFO analogs 139 (R -R = alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl), in addition to nonamide analogs 140 (m, n, p = 1, 3, 5), C-terminal modified nonamide analogs 141 (R = alkyl, aryl, aminoalkyl, m, n, p = 1, 3, 5, a=0, 1), as well as reverse-amide analogs 142 (R -R = alkyl, aminoalkyl, car-... 

Compounds with Improved properties of selectivity may also be obtained with derivatives where R2 In the general structure (I) Is alkyl (28,29), exemplified below with carbofuran where R and Rj are alkyl, cycloalkyl or part of a ring system. 

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