Alkanolamines monoethanolamine triethanolamine

Contact dermatitis from the old formula E45 cream. Contact Derm., 30, 159-161 Beyer, K.H., Jr, Bergfeld, WE, Bemdt, W.O., Boutwell, R.K., Carlton, W.W., Hofi nann, D.K. Schroeder, A.L. (1983) Final report on the safety assessment of triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. J. Am. Coll. Toxicol., 2, 183-235 Blum, A., Lischka, G (1997) Allergic contact dermatitis from mono-, di- and triethanolamine (Short corrrmunication). Contact Derm., 36, 166 Bollmeier, A.F. (1992) Alkanolamines. In Kroschwitz, J.I. Howe-Grant, M., eds, Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Ed., Vol. 2, New York, John Wiley, pp. 1-34 Budavari, S., ed. (1998) The Merck Index, 12th Ed., Version 12 2, Whitehouse Statiorr, NJ, Merck Co. [CD-ROM]... 

Aminoalcohols(Hydroxyamines Alcamines or Alkanolamines) contain both die amino- and the hydroxyl groups attached to different C atoms, usually adjacent, such as monoethanolamine or 2-aminoethanol HOCHa CHa NH, diethanolamine or 2,2 -iminodiethanol (HOCH2 Qia )2 NH and triethanolamine (HOCHa CHa )jN. Many amino alcohols and their derivs are important products of commerce and some of them serve for the prepn of expls... 

Ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, or butylene oxide react with ammonia to produce alkanolamines. The more popular ethanolamines [NH3 h(C2H4OH)h, where n = 1,2,3 monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine], are derived from the reaction of ammonia with ethylene oxide. 

Gleaners. Properties, such as foaming and deteigency (qv), make alkanolamines useful in cleaning formulations. Monoethanolamine is particulady effective in wax removal formulations because of its ability to penetrate films. Qeaners that involve skin contact use triethanolamine because of its mildness. Derivatives of the amines (49,50) as well as the free alkanolamines (51—53), may be formulated into cleaning products. 

A variety of appHcations, including photography, employ alkanolamines for pH control. Reports have described formulations including monoethanolamine and triethanolamine in films and processing (221—224). 

Alkanolamines are used in scrubbers to clean streams containing acid gases. Extension of existing applications to new situations involving carbon capture and sequestration of CO2 for environmental reasons will lead to increased demand for these substances. The reaction of ammonia (A) with ethylene oxide (EO) in aqueous solution produces monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA). The reactions for stepwise formation of these products are... 

Amine-based solvents have been enhanced over the years [2], such that primary (Monoethanolamine (MEA) Diglycolamine (DGA)), secondary (Diethanolamine (DEA) Diisopropanolamine (DIPA)) and tertiary (Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Triethanolamine (TEA)) variants are available through different suppliers, many of which include special proprietary additives to improve performance and other characteristics. The choice of a particular alkanolamine is primarily dictated by the requirements of the specific application. With the exception of a few, these amines have a maximum sorption capacity of 1 mole of CO2 to two moles of amines. Liquid tertiary amines and amidines have shown a higher sorption capacity with a ratio of 1 1 molar [3], thereby reducing the volume of amine, but the reaction rate is much slower. Amine blends have been used to compensate for this difference in order to reduce regeneration and recirculation costs and increase CO2 loading capacity. 

Aqueous alkanolamine solutions are frequently used for removal of acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from gas streams in the natural gas, synthetic, and refinery industries. Several options are available for removing acid gases, but by far the most popular is the absorption by amine based solvents such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diglycolamine (DGA), diethanolamine (DEA), di-isopropanolamine (DIPA), triethanolamine (TEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-l-propanol (AMP), and 2-piperidineethanol (2-PE) in reversible absorption-regeneration processes [1]. 

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