Alkanes Hydrocarbons containing only single bonds between carbon atoms

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, whereas alkenes and alkynes are imsaturated hydrocarbons. 

Hydrocarbons are compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to each other by covalent bonds. These molecules are further classified as saturated or unsaturated. Saturated hydrocarbons have only single bonds between carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons are classified as alkanes. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain a double or triple bond between two carbon atoms and include alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds. These classifications are summarized in Figure 19.3. 

Hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms are called alkanes. The three smallest members of the alkane series are methane, ethane, and propane. Their structural formulas are shown below. The hues indicale single covalent bonds. 

You now know that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, and that unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. 

Recall that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms, and that unsaturated hydrocarbons have at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more double covalent bonds between carbon atoms in a chain are called alkenes. Because an alkene must have a double bond between carbon atoms, there is no 1-carbon alkene. The simplest alkene has two carbon atoms double bonded to each other. The remaining four electrons—two from each carbon atom—are shared with four hydrogen atoms to give the molecule ethene (C2H4). 

Alkanes contain only single bonds. Alkenes, also known as olefins, contain at least one C=C double bond, and alkynes contain at least one C=C triple bond. In aromatic hydrocarbons the carbon atoms are connected in a planar ring structure, joined by both tr and delocalized it bonds between carbon atoms. Benzene (CgHg) is the best-known example of an aromatic hydrocarbon. 

Alkenes are hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond between carbon atoms, whereas alkanes contain only single bonds. 

Alkane properties Alkanes are nonpolar compounds with relatively low melting and boiling points compared to polar molecules of similar mass. Alkanes have low solubilities in water. They also have low reactivities, but they readily undergo combustion in oxygen and are commonly used as fuels. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds. In the next section, you will examine unsaturated hydrocarbons, which have at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms. 

Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds, containing only carbon and hydrogen. There are three families of hydrocarbons. The alkanes have only single bonds and are said to be saturated. Alkanes are very stable and generally unreactive. Alkenes and alkynes have multiple bonds between two adjacent carbon atoms and are said to be unsaturated. This unsaturation makes alkenes and alkynes more reactive than alkanes. 

O saturated hydrocarbon a hydrocarbon that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms O alkane a saturated hydrocarbon that contains only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms of the cham the simplest alkane is methane, CH4... 

Hydrocarbons fall into two broad classes based on the types of bonds between the carbon atoms. A hydrocarbon that has only carbon-carbon single bonds is saturated. Hydrocarbons that contain carbon-carbon multiple bonds are unsaturated. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are two types of saturated hydrocarbons. Alkanes have carbon atoms bonded in chains cycloalkanes have carbon atoms bonded to form a ring. 

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