Alkane general formula

In the straight-chain alkanes (general formula the carbon atoms are... 

In the branched-chain alkanes (general formula C H2 +2), the carbon atoms are no longer arranged in a linear sequence, but instead can be bonded to three or four other carbon atoms. This possibility leads to a rich elaboration of structure in which two molecules with the same formula can have different structures, called geometrical isomers, and therefore quite distinct properties. 

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds is an alkane (general formula C H2 +2, where n is a positive integer). For example, if n = 5, the formula is C5H[(2x5)+2] or C5H12. The alkanes comprise a homologous series, one in which each member differs from the next by a —CH2— (methylene) group. In an alkane, each C is sp hybridized. Because each C is bonded to the maximum number of other atoms (C or H), alkanes are referred to as saturated hydrocarbons. 

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds is an alkane (general formula CJi2n+2y where n is a positive integer). For example, if n = 5, the formula is C5H((2x5)+2]-... 

Nonionic surfactants are surfactants that also contain both a water-soluble group and an oil-soluble group however, they do not ionize. The water-soluble group is usually a polyethylene oxide or a polypropylene polymer. Otherwise, nonionic surfactants include amine oxides and alkanol amine condensates. The oil-soluble end is a long-chain hydrocarbon (alkane). General formulas for the most common nonionic surfactants are as follows ... 

The largest series is that of the alkanes or paraffins, which are open chain molecules with saturated bonds, and have the general formula C H2n+2-... 

Methane, CH4, is the first member of this series, all of which have the general formula C H2 + 2- Every carbon atom in any alkane molecule has a tetrahedral eonfiguration and is joined to four other atoms. Alkanes are resistant to attack, at room temperature, by... 

Silicon, unlike carbon, does notiorm a very large number of hydrides. A series of covalently bonded volatile hydrides called silanes analogous to the alkane hydrocarbons is known, with the general formula Si H2 + 2- I uf less than ten members of the series have so far been prepared. Mono- and disilanes are more readily prepared by the reaction of the corresponding silicon chloride with lithium aluminium hydride in ether ... 

Alkane (Section 2 1) Hydrocarbon in which all the bonds are single bonds Alkanes have the general formula C H2 +2 Alkene (Section 2 1) Hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-car bon double bond (C=C) also known by the older name olefin... 

Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen are termed paraffins or alkanes. The general formula for these compounds is C H2n+2 where n is an integer. When only single bonds are present between carbon atoms they are classified as saturated . Examples include, etliane, propane, and butane the last two are common fuel gases ... 

Just as the alkanes and alkenes had general formulas, the carbon derivatives all have general formulas. The hydrocarbon backbone provides a portion of the general formula, and the functional group provides the other part. In each case, the hydrocarbon derivative is represented by the formula R-, and the hydrocarbon backbone has its own specific formula. The term substituted hydrocarbon is another name for hydrocarbon derivative, because the functional group is substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms in the chemical reaction. 

Alkane (Section 2.1) Hydrocarbon in which all the bonds are single bonds. Alkanes have the general formula C H2 +2. 

Alkanes. These have the general formula where n is the number of carbon... 

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2- The simplest alkane, methane (CH4), is the principal constituent of natural gas. Methane, ethane, propane, and butane are gaseous hydrocarbons at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure. They are usually found associated with crude oils in a dissolved state. 

A simplification in the graphical interpretation of acyclic chemical compounds is possible in the case of saturated acyclic hydrocarbons, once known as paraffins but now more usually called "alkanes". These have the general formula indicating the... 

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2n. -2- They contain no functional groups, are relatively inert, and can be either straight-chain (normal) or branched. Alkanes are named by a series of IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. More specifically, compounds such as butane and isobutane, which differ in their connections between atoms, are called constitutional isomers. 

A cycloalkane is a saturated cyclic hydrocarbon with the general formula C H2 . In contrast to open-chain alkanes, where nearly free rotation occurs around C, -C bonds, rotation is greatly reduced in cycloalkanes. Disubstituted cycloalkanes can therefore exist as cis-trans isomers. The cis isomer has both substituents on the same face of the ring the trans isomer has substituents on opposite faces. Cis-trans isomers are just one kind of stereoisomers—isomers... 

The ratio of hydrogen to carbon atoms is a maximum in alkanes, hence the term saturated hydrocarbon. The general formula of an alkane containing n carbon atoms is... 

The alkane series is also called the saturated hydrocarbon series because the molecules of this class have carbon atoms connected by single bonds only, and therefore have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for the number of carbon atoms. These substances may be represented by the general formula C H2,I + 2 and molecules of successive members of the series differ from each other by only a CH2 unit. The line formulas and names of the first 10 members of the series, given in Table 21-2, should be memorized because these names form the basis for naming many other organic compounds. It should be noted that the first parts of the names of the later members listed are the... 

Alkanes, with the general formula C H2 +2, are saturated hydrocarbons, in which each carbon atom is singly bonded to four other atoms. These atoms are either carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms. Alkenes, C H2 , and alkynes, C H2 2, are unsaturated hydrocarbons in which there is a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond, respectively. 

These four molecules are the first four members of the alkanes, a homologous series of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula, C H2 +2. The difference between them is in the number of C atoms in the compound the formula of each alkane differs from the next by one CH2 group. 

Cycloalkanes are cyclic saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2 . Therefore, a substance with the formula C3H8 could not be a cycloalkane, since C3H8 conforms to the general formula, C H2 +2, the molecular formula for an alkane. It is, however, too small to be a branched alkane with a methyl group attached to the longest chain. In fact, C3H8 is propane. 

The alkanes make up a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2 +2 in is the number of carbon atoms). Alkanes exhibit a type of structural isomerism called chain isomerism, where the arrangement of the carbon atoms in the molecules is different. 

The general formula of an alkane is CnH2n+2. Thus an alkane with a molecular mass of... 

Figure 21.7 General formula of alkane carboxylic acid used for cassiterite flotation studies.

The general formula of the corresponding alkane (dodecane) is Ci2H26. Thus, R =... 

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