Alkanes. Alkenes and Alkynes

Aliphatic hydrocarbons include three major groups alkanes alkenes and alkynes Alkanes are hydrocarbons m which all the bonds are single bonds alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond and alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon... 

Another name for aromatic hydrocarbons is arenes Arenes have properties that are much different from alkanes alkenes and alkynes The most important aromatic hydrocarbon... 

At this point It s useful to compare some structural features of alkanes alkenes and alkynes Table 9 1 gives some of the most fundamental ones To summarize as we progress through the series m the order ethane ethylene acetylene... 

The C—H bonds of hydrocarbons show little tendency to ionize and alkanes alkenes and alkynes are all very weak acids The acid dissociation constant for methane for exam pie IS too small to be measured directly but is estimated to be about 10 ° (pK 60)... 

Monocyclic Aliphatic Hydrocarbons. Monocyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons (with no side chains) are named by prefixing cyclo- to the name of the corresponding open-chain hydrocarbon having the same number of carbon atoms as the ring. Radicals are formed as with the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Examples ... 

Example 18.1 demonstrates how to name alkanes. Alkenes and alkynes... 

Carbon forms a huge number of binary compounds with hydrogen. Three major categories of these compounds are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. An alkane has only single bonds between carbon atoms. The four simplest alkanes, which are shown in Figure 3-7. are methane, ethane, propane, and butane. An alkene, on the other hand, contains one or more double bonds between carbons, and an alkyne has one or more triple bonds between carbon atoms. Figure shows the structures of ethylene, the simplest alkene, and acetylene, the simplest alkyne. 

Hyman MR, IB Murton, DJ Arp (1988) Interaction of ammonia monooxygenase from Nitrosomonas europaea with alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Appl Environ Microbiol 54 3187-3190. 

Scientists classify hydrocarbons as either aliphatic or aromatic. An aliphatic hydrocarbon contains carbon atoms that are bonded in one or more chains and rings. The carbon atoms have single, double, or triple bonds. Aliphatic hydrocarbons include straight chain and cyclic alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. An aromatic hydrocarbon is a hydrocarbon based on the aromatic benzene group. You will encouter this group later in the section. Benzene is the simplest aromatic compound. Its bonding arrangement results in special molecular stability. 

In this section, you reviewed how to name and draw alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. You also learned how to name aromatic hydrocarbons. The names of all the other organic compounds you will encounter in this unit are based on the names of hydrocarbons. In the next section, you will learn about organic compounds that have single bonds to halogen atoms, oxygen atoms, and nitrogen atoms. 

The alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes discussed thus far are acyclic. This means that the hydrocarbon chains are linear and do not form rings that close on themselves. Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes have the ability to form closed rings. At least three carbon atoms are needed to form a ring so the simplest cyclic alkane is a form of propane called cyclopropane. Several simple cyclic alkanes are shown in Figure 15.3. 

Alkane, alkenes, and alkynes can fold themselves to form cyclic compounds. Those represented above are cycloalkanes. 

Irisov 85) related octane number with free energy of formation for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Correlations were said to be better than those by Kobayashi and Mibashan. 

Comparison of Physical Properties of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes... 

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