Alkaloids Valerian

Definition Volatile oil derived from freshly dried membranous cones of female plants of Humuius lupuius, containing lupulin, alkaloids, valerianic acid... 

The sesquiterpenes present in valerian include isovaleric acid, valerenic acid, valerenal, valeranone, and valerenol. The alkaloids found in valerian include valeranine and actinidine. 

Tropane alkaloids Turmerone Tyramine Tyrosine Umbelliferone Uric acid Ursolic acid Urushiol Valepotriates Valerianic acid Valeric acid Valtrate Vanillic acid... 

The CNS-depressant component of valerian is still unknown. Thus far, three major constituents of valerian have been identified the volatile or essential oil, containing sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, nonglycosidic iridoid esters (valepotriates), and a small number of alkaloids (2). Valepotriates are unstable compounds and are easily hydrolyzed by heat and moisture (22). In addition, valepotriates are not water soluble, and aqueous extracts contain... 

Solid-liquid extraction is applied on an industrial scale to produce oils and fats from oil-bearing seeds. In the food and flavour industry, extracts and resins, such as hop, chamomile, peppermint, valerian, vanilla, red pepper and liquorice, are obtained from herbs, roots, seeds and drugs. The technology has also found application in the pharmaceutical industry for the extraction of antibiotics, alkaloids and caffeine. 

The CNS depressant component of valerian is still unknown. Thus far, three major constituents of valerian have been identified the volatile or essential oil, containing sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes, nonglycosidic iridoid esters (valepotriates), and a small number of alkaloids (Anonymous, 1991). Valepotriates are unstable compounds and are easily hydrolyzed by heat and moisture (Wagner et al., 1998). In addition, valepotriates are not water soluble, and aqueous extracts contain small amounts (Wagner et al., 1998). For example, the aqueous extract used in the study by Balderer and Borbely, described previously, was analyzed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and no valepotriates were detectable. Furthermore, valepotriates are not well absorbed orally (Tyler, 1993). Therefore, the likelihood that valepotriates are a major contributor to valerian s effects is questionable. Because of the low amount of alkaloid present in preparations, their contribution is also questionable (Houghton,... 

Valerian. Dried rhizome and roots of Valeriana officinalis L Vaterianaceae. Habit. Europe, Northern Asia naturalized in eastern U.S. Consiit. Volatile oil ( - ]%) val-erine (valerianin) and chatinine (alkaloids) valeric, formic and malic acids tannin, resin. 

When exposed to air it oxidizes very slowly quite rapidly, however, in contact with platinum-black, forming valerianic acid. The same acid, along with other substances, is produced by the action of the more powerful oxidants upon amyl alcohol. Chlorin attacks it energetically, forming amyl chlorid, HCl, and other chlorinated derivatives. Sulfuric acid dissolves in amyl alcohol, with formation of amyl-sulfuric acid, S04(CtHu)H, corresponding to ethyl-sulfuric acid. It also forms similar acids with phosphoric, oxalic, citric, and tartaric acids. Its ethers, when dissolved in ethyl alcohol, have the taste and odor of various fruits, and are used in the preparation of artificial fruit-essences. Amyl alcohol is also used in analysis as a solvent, particularly for certain alkaloids, and in pharmacy for the artificial production of valerianic acid and the valerianates. 

Valerian Valeriana officinalis 1 Valerine alkaloids used as mild tranquilizer... 

Valerian alkaloids terpene alkaloids containing a pyridine ring (therefore also considered as pyridine alkaloids) from valerian (Valeriana officinalis). Tlie quaternary V.a. (Rg.) are responsible for the excitory action of valerian on cats. 

Frank B, Petersen U, Huper F 1970 Valerianine, a tertiary monoterpene alkaloid from Valerian. Angew Chem Int Ed 9 891... 

Common valerian also contains several alkaloids including actinidine, valerianine, valerine, and chatinine. ... 

Other activities of valerian include hypotension in experimental animals antibacterial, especially against Gram-positive bacteria (due to the alkaloids) antidiuretic protective against experimental liver necrosis and others (jiANGSu). Valtrate and didrovaltrate as well as... 

Valerian Valeriana officinalis Chatinine, velerine alkaloids Tea or capsules as tranquillizer Tranquillizer... 

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