Alkaline metal battery

Rechargeable Alkaline Metal Batteries of Amide Sait Electrolytes Melting at Low to Middle Temperatures... 

Batteries using an alkaline solution for electrolyte are commonly called alkaline batteries. They are high-power owing to the high conductivity of the alkaline solution. Alkaline batteries include primary batteries, typical of which are alkaline-manganese batteries, and secondary batteries, typical of which are nickel-cadmium and nickel-metal hydride batteries. These batteries are widely used. 

M. A. Gutjahr, H. Buchner, K. Beccu, Proc. 8th Ini. Symp. of a new reversible negative electrode for alkaline storage batteries based on metal alloy hydrides, 1974, p. 79. 

Nowadays, such hydride electrodes are used widely to make alkaline storage batteries which in their design are similar to Ni-Cd batteries but exhibit a considerably higher capacity than these. These two types of storage battery are interchangeable, since the potential of the hydride electrode is similar to that of the cadmium electrode. The metal alloys used to prepare the hydride electrodes are multicomponent alloys, usually with a high content of rare-earth elements. These cadmium-free batteries are regarded as environmentally preferable. 

The most widely known use of lithium is the use of lithium carbonate in treating manic-depressive affective disorders the mechanism by which it alleviates depression in some people is not known. Industrially, lithium and its compounds are used in metal alloys, lubricants, nuclear reactor, coolant, ceramics, alkaline storage batteries, and electronic tubes. It is also used as a catalyst and as a reducing agent. 

I Lithium is an alkaline metal element that occnrs naturally as the mineral petalite. It is widely used today in swimming pool filters and batteries for mobile phones and computers. 

Total life cycle analyses may be utilized to establish the relative environmental and human health impacts of battery systems over their entire lifetime, from the production of the raw materials to the ultimate disposal of the spent battery. The three most important factors determining the total life cycle impact appear to be battery composition, battery performance, and the degree to which spent batteries are recycled after their useful lifetime. This assessment examines both rechargeable and non-rechargeable batteries, and includes lead acid, nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride, lithium ion, carbon zinc and alkaline manganese batteries. 

Alkaline storage batteries with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode were developed with three different negative electrodes, containing cadmium, iron, or a metal hydride... 

Until 1990 about 2 million batteries were used for cardiac pacemakers exclusively of the LiJ type. Iodine belongs to the chemical elements of the 7th column of the periodic system, to the halogens. By reaction between the halogens and the alkaline metals, e.g. lithium, especially high energy is released. 

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