Alkaline alginates

Sedimentation and racking (Sections 10.2, 10.3), fining with gelatin, isinglass, casein, albumin from eggs or blood (not permitted in the EU), plant proteins, alkaline alginates, (Sections 10.4 to 10.8), siliceous earths (Section 10.10), filtration (Sections 11.2 to 11.10), centrifugation (Section 11.11)... 

Protein isolation with affinity precipitation has been discussed in detail by Mattiasson and co-workers (see, e.g. Galaev and Mattiassion, 1997) and they have provided an exhaustive tabulation. Polymers varied from alginate.s/chitosan to dextran to NIPAM. Examples of the used proteins are from trypsin, p-glucosidase, xylanase, alkaline protease, etc. It is remarkable that affinity precipitation can sometimes give results comparable to affinity chromatography. 

Chitosan is insoluble at alkaline and neutral pH values but it can form salts with inorganic and organic acids such as hydrochloric acid, lactic add, acetic add and glutamic acid. In contrast to alginates and carrageenans in solution, the amino fundions of chitosan are protonated and the resultant soluble polysaccharide is... 

BOROHYDRIDE REDUCTION ALDOL CONDENSATION ALDOSE 1-EPIMERASE ALDOSE REDUCTASE ALGINATE LYASE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE,... 

Alginates 170,178 Alkali metal ions 206 Alkaline phosphatases 645 active site of 645 occurrence 645 Alkane(s) 382 Alkenes, hydration of 683 Alkyl shift, rearrangements with 527 Alkyl cobalt 867 Alkyl ethers 382 Alkyl cobalamms... 

It should be added here that there was a report of preparing magnetic alginate beads by another in situ technique [171] prior to the above studies. A hydrolysis of urea by urease, producing ammonia, was utilized to make an alkaline atmosphere inside the alginate gel matrix, instead of the treatment with caustic alkali in Scheme 6. 

Calcium Alginate occurs as a white to yellow, fibrous or granular powder. It is the calcium salt of alginic acid (see the monograph for Alginic Acid). It is insoluble in water, but it is soluble in alkaline solutions or in solutions of substances that combine with the calcium. It is insoluble in organic solvents. 

Algin, 24, 54,312, 351 Alginates Assay, 768 Algin Derivative, 331 AlginicAcid, 19 Alkaline Borate Buffer, 848 Alkaline Cupric Citrate TS, 851 Alkaline Cupric Tartrate TS, 849 Alkaline Mercuric-Potassium Iodide TS, 850... 

Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alginic acid forms insoluble salts in the presence of alkaline earth metals and group III metals with the exception of magnesium. 

Two hydrogels of calcium alginate and chitosan-calcium alginate composite were prepared from Na alginate and its composite with chitosan by soaking in O.IM aq. CaCla. A biomimic fixation of aqueous COa - ions as CaCOa was performed. Each of the hydrogels was put into a dialysis membrane tube, and was soaked in 0.1 M aq. NaaCOa (pH 11) at room temperature for 1 day to afford a white precipitate of CaCOa or chitosan-CaCOa and a water-soluble sodium alginate. The dry chitosan-CaCOs composite (60% chitosan and 23% COa -) was stable in aqueous alkaline solutions and unstable in aqueous acidic solutions. 

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