ALKALI ALKALINE EARTH METALS lithium used

Many compounds involving the alkali and alkaline earth metals are used as desiccants, or chemicals that can remove water from a material. Lithium hydride, potassium carbonate, calcium... 

There are a few surprising medical uses among the alkali and alkaline earth metals. Lithium combined with chlorine has been used for decades to treat a form of depression called bipolar disorder. Scientists are not exactly sure how lithium affects depression, but they think it may somehow change chemical messages in the brain. Doctors use barium, one of the heaviest alkaline earth metals, to get a better look at the stomach and intestines. They give their patients a drink called barium sulfate that travels to the gut. Bariums 56 electrons absorb X-rays and light up the stomach and intestines to reveal ulcers and other problems. 

The collected papers of a symposium at Dallas, April 1956, cover all aspects of the handling, use and hazards of lithium, sodium, potassium, their alloys, oxides and hydrides, in 19 chapters [1], Interaction of all 5 alkali metals with water under various circumstances has been discussed comparatively [2], In a monograph covering properties, preparation, handling and applications of the enhanced reactivity of metals dispersed finely in hydrocarbon diluents, the hazardous nature of potassium dispersions, and especially of rubidium and caesium dispersions is stressed [3], Alkaline-earth metal dispersions are of relatively low hazard. Safety practices for small-scale storage, handling, heating and reactions of lithium potassium and sodium with water are reviewed [4],... 

Use Roman numerals only for Group B transition metals whose charge you don t know. Don t use Roman numerals if you know the charge of the metallic cation, including alkali metals such as lithium (Li" ) and sodium (Na+) as well as alkaline earth metals such as calcium (Ca +) and magnesium (Mg +). 

The tetrahydroborate salts of alkali metals, M[BH4] (M = Li, Na, K),1 are important because they serve as starting materials for the preparation of other boron hydrides2,3 and because they are used frequently as reducing agents.4 The lithium and sodium salts are prepared on a technical scale.5 9 The tetrahydroborate salts of the alkaline earth metals, M[BH4]2 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), have not as yet been used extensively however, calcium bis[tetrahydroborate(l-)], Ca(BH4)2,10 is very soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and it therefore has considerable potential application as a substitute for the lithium and sodium salts. 

Alkali metals lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium. Metals such as sodium and potassium (the alkali metals) react violently with water—too violently to conduct experiments. The group 2 metals (also called alkaline earth metals) react less readily and can be used in the laboratory. Alkaline earth metals, including beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. 

The catalysts used are bromine, iodine, haloamides I and/or polymerization inhibitors, in general in amounts of from 0.0001 to 0.1 preferably from 0.001 to 0.05, mole of catalyst per mole of methyi ketone. Instead of the above catalysts, it is also possible to usr compounds which form such catalysts under the reaction conditions, e.g to use bromides and iodides in place of bromine or iodine. Water-soluble halides are preferred and are advantageously used in the form of thei alkaline earth metal salts or, especially, their alkali metal salts, e.g calcium bromide, calcium iodide, magnesium bromide, magnesiais iodide, lithium bromide, lithium iodide and especially sodium bromide or iodide or potassium bromide or iodide... 

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