Aliphatic vinyl compound

Granular anion-exchange resins have been prepared from N-containing C-vinyl heterocyclics, polyvinyl compounds and one or more aliphatic vinyl compounds in an aqueous phase in presence of water-insoluble suspension stabilizers Thus, a mixture of 4-vinylpyridine, ethylacrylate, and p-DVB on polymerization using hydroxylapatite as suspension stabilizer and AIBN as the initiator gives an anion-exchange resin. 

Also, the aromatic polyketones are produced [334] by the reaction of electrophylic substitution (in dispersion) of copolymer of aliphatic vinyl compound (1 -acosen) with N-vinylpirrolydone, at ratio of their links close to equimolar. 

CAUTION All operations should be conducted in an efficient fume cupboard owing to the toxicity of aliphatic nitro compounds and of alkyl vinyl ketones. 

The place of an acetylene in these reactions may be taken by an olefin substituted by a group capable of elimination during the reaction. Thus, aliphatic diazo compounds and vinyl halides give pyrazoles,473 whereas diazomethahe and /J-chlorovinyl ketones give... 

Muratake et al. reported the intramolecular a-arylation of ketones [55,56]. Thus, polycyclic compounds are readily obtained from aromatic keto-bromides and keto-triflates (Eq. 16). Bromo-amides can give the corresponding cycliza-tion products (Eq. 17) [52]. Related intramolecular vinylation reactions to give aliphatic polycyclic compounds have also been reported (Eq. 18) [57,581. The intramolecular cyclization of aromatic halo-ketones under carbon monoxide, which proceeds by mechanism C, gives the corresponding a-acylated products (Eq.l9) [321. 

Reports on the preparation of 1-monosubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles are limited one protocol consists of the cycloaddition of azides to acetylene, acetylides, or vinyl compounds aryl boronic acids and prop-2-ynoic acid or CaC2 the decarboxylation of triazoles bearing a carboxylic acid substituent the reaction of aliphatic halides (Cl and Br), sodium azide, and propiolic acid followed by a decarboxylation process [77]. 

Chiral modification of diorganomagnesium compounds with the dilithium salt oi (S)-l,l -bi-naphthalene-2,2 -diol gave reagents with the empirical formula 30. Good to excellent enantiose-lectivities were observed in addition reactions of aliphatic and aromatic reagents to aromatic aldehydes30,31, however, the selectivities were not satisfactory with allylic, vinylic and acetylenic reagents. 

In die presence of oxygen, more complex thermo-oxidative processes occur in polyesters containing aliphatic moieties. They result in crosslinked products and in the formation of compounds such as aldehydes, carboxylic acids and vinyl esters, as reported in the case of PET.93,94 On the other hand, the presence of oxygen has little effect on the thermal resistance of wholly aromatic polyesters below 550°C. Above this temperature a char combustion process takes place.85... 

Particularly the chlorinated compounds have enjoyed range of applications vinyl chloride (chloro-ethene) as monomer for the production of PVC, tetra- and trichloroethenes as solvents for degreasing, and the insecticides l,l,l-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) (benzene hexachloride). The biodegradation of fluorinated aliphatic compounds is generally different from the outlines that have emerged from investigations on their chlorinated, brominated, and even iodinated analogues. They are therefore treated separately in Part 4 of this chapter. 

This method for preparing 2-phenyl-1-pyrroline, and assorted 2-substituted 1-pyrrolines, is one of the best currently available, particularly because it reproducibly affords clean materials. Generally, the procedure is amenable to various aromatic esters 2 it has also been applied successfully to aliphatic esters (Table I).3 An advantage of this method is the use of readily available, inexpensive N-vinyl-pyrrolidin-2-one as a key starting material. This compound serves effectively as a 3-aminopropyl carbanion equivalent. The method illustrated in this procedure has been extended to include the synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted pyrrolines. Thus, alkylation of the enolate of the intermediate keto lactam, followed by hydrolysis, leads to various disubstituted pyrrolines in good yields (see Table II).3... 

Aliphatic compounds containing terminal gem-dinitro functionality form adducts with Michael acceptors.Of particular interest is the reaction of a,a,o),a)-tetranitroalkanes with Michael acceptors. ° Most a, o, y, y-tetranitroalkanes will react with two equivalents of Michael acceptor to form bis-adducts, like in the case of 1,1,4,4-tetranitrobutane, which reacts with two equivalents of methyl vinyl ketone, methyl acrylate, acrylonitrile etc. ° The influence of steric effects becomes apparent with a,a,y,Y-tetranitroalkanes, like 1,1,3,3-tetranitropropane, which can form either mono-adducts or bis-adducts depending on the Michael acceptor used 1,1,3,3-tetranitropropane will only react with one equivalent of methyl acrylate and the sole product of this reaction is methyl 4,4,6,6-tetranitrohexanoate. °... 

The technology is applicable to chlorinated and nonchlorinated VOCs methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) dichloroethylene (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (per-chloroethylene, PCE) dichloroethane (DCA) vinyl chloride alcohols ethers ketones and halogenated and nonhalogenated paraffinic, olefinic, aliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is very effective at treating benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) compounds and any oxygenate, such as acetone or isopropanol. 

The dilithiation can be carried out with BuLi in Et20 or THF at temperatures varying from about -20 C for R = R S, Ph, vinyl, to +30 C in the case of aliphatic hydrocarbons [42], Dimetallation of the latter compounds also proceeds excellently with BuLi.TMEDA in refluxing hexane [43],... 

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