Vinyl-aryl compound

G.F. D Alelio, Production of synthetic polymeric compositions comprising sulphonated polymerizates of poly-vinyl aryl compounds and treatment of liquid media therewith, USP 2,366,007. Production of synthetic polymeric compositions comprising aminated polymerizates of poly-vinyl aryl compunds and treatment of liquid media therewith, USP 2,366,008, 1944. 

The reaction is particularly efficient with aryl chlorides activated by the presence of an electron-withdrawing group on the aromatic nucleus. This simple procedure appears to be a mild and useful method for the synthesis of various vinyl-aryl compounds. Moreover, the presence of an ortho substituent strongly affects... 

The relative reactivity of organocopper compounds in additions to 6 and 7 is as follows vinyl > aryl > isopropyl > ethyl > methyl. 

Allyl- and vinyl-tin compounds react with retention in the structure of the organic group (124), and a kinetic study of the reaction of aryl... 

The reaction has also been used to prepare 1,3-dilithiopropanes" and 1,1-dilithio-methylenecyclohexane" from the corresponding mercury compounds. In general, the equilibrium lies in the direction in which the more electropositive metal is bonded to that alkyl or aryl group that is the more stable carbanion (p. 228). The reaction proceeds with retention of configuration an Sgi mechanism is likely. Higher order cuprates (see Ref. 1277 in Chapter 10) have been produced by this reaction starting with a vinylic tin compound ... 

Palladium And/Or Copper-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions Between 1-Alkynes And Vinyl, Aryl, 1-Alkynyl, 1,2-Propadienyl, Propargyl And Allylic Halides Or Related Compounds. A Review, Rossi. R. Carpita, A. Beilina, F. Org. Prep. Proceed. Int., 1995, 27, 129... 

H-Pyr azoles readily undergo photochemically induced elimination of nitrogen to yield the corresponding cyclopropenes, often by way of detectable vinyl diazo intermediates. l-Aryl-3-methyl-2-phenyl-l-diazobut-2-enes have, in fact, been prepared in this way from the appropriate pyrazoles.345 The vinyl diazo compounds 416, obtained by irradiation of the 3//-pyrazoles 417, were further converted to cyclopropenes 418 via vinylmethylene intermediates 419 by irradiation at 10°C.346 1-Acylcyclopropenes have been... 

In a slightly less convenient procedure, but one which has general versatility, carbonylation of aryl (or vinyl) palladium compounds produces aryl, heteroaryl, and vinyl carboxylic acids. As with the other procedures, immediate upon its formation, the carboxylate anion migrates to the aqueous phase. Consequently, haloaromatic acids can be obtained from dihaloarenes, without further reaction of the second halogen atom, e.g. 1,4-dibromobenzene has been carbonylated (90% conversion) to yield 4-bromobenzoic acid with a selectivity for the monocarbonylation product of 95%. Additionally, the process is economically attractive, as the organic phase containing the catalyst can be cycled with virtually no loss of activity and ca. 4000 moles of acid can be produced for each mole of the palladium complex used [4],... 

A number of cycloalkyl-, vinyl-, aryl-, and benzyllithium compounds (predominantly benzyl-lithiums) are converted into fluoro derivatives in good to excellent yields, e.g. formation of 4, 5, and 6 19 however, when this method was applied to the synthesisof 3-fluorobenzocyclobutene from the lithium salt a violent explosion occurred when the reaction mixture was warmed from — 70 C to room temperature.20 Various fluoro-substituted thiophenes 7 are obtained when the starting compounds (thiophene, 2-methylthiophene, etc.) arc transformed with al-kyllithium compounds to the corresponding lithium derivatives then fluorinated with perchloryl fluoride at 0 C.21 Potassium tricyanomethanidc is converted at —15 C in triglyme into tricyanofluoromethane in 81 % yield.22... 

These reactions do not require reoxidants since the organic compounds reoxidize die palladium(O) in the initial replacement step. Most results have been obtained with vinyl, aryl and heterocyclic iodides and bromides because of the easy and convenient availability of the required halides, and because this reaction was discovered for these reactants first. 

R. Rossi, A. Carpita, F. Beilina, Palladium- and/ or copper-mediated cross-coupling reactions between 1-alkynes and vinyl, aryl, 1-alkynyl, 1,2-propadienyl, propargyl and allylic halides or related compounds A review, Org. Prep. Proced. Int. 1995, 27, 127-160. 

Most of the progress concerning organoalkali reagents in chemistry have been made using superbases. The following sections deal with the preparation and use of organoalkali compounds of vinyl, aryl, and benzyl type. 

The aryl vinyl tellurium compounds formed in these reactions (p. 401) are obtained exclusively, or at least predominantly, as the (Z)-isomers. With ethynyl ketones, aldehydes, acids, and esters, the nucleophile attacks the ethync carbon in the -position to the carbonyl group10, ". Benzenetellurolate and bis[phenylethynyl] ketone produced only bis[2-phenyl-2-phenyltelluroethynyl] ketone and no monoadduct11. 

Castro et al. 44) found that the order of reactivity of various halides in coupling reactions with ethynylcopper compounds in DMF is ArSX, ArX > RCOX ArCHaX, RCH=CHCH2X, ArCOCHaX > RCH= CHX, Alkyl-X. A somewhat different order is observed for the reactivity of some organic halides towards perhaloarylcopper reagents in THF (97, 147) Allyl Aryl > Alkyl and perfluoroaryl, perfluoro-vinyl > aryl > perfluoroalkyl. Acid halides were also far more reactive than aryl iodides in ethereal solvents 146). The ease of halide displacement is I > Br > Cl. 

Reduction of nitroalkenes. Vinyl nitro compounds are reduced to saturated ketones or aldehydes by Raney nickel and an aqueous solution of sodium hypophosphite. Ester groups, C=C bonds, and aryl NO, and halo groups are not reduced. Under these conditions nitroalkanes arc reduced to amines, and oximes are converted into carbonyl compounds in high yield. 

Synthesis of aryl- or vinyl-metal compounds is best accomplished in two steps. Initially an acyl-metal complex can be formed by nucleophilic displacement of halide from an acyl halide viz. ... 

Chiral vinyl sulfoxides have been coupled to aryl iodides to give a chiral allylic aryl compounds (C=C-CH2—Ar), in a three-step procedure with good enantio-selectivity. ... 

The reaction of vinyl nitro compounds (C=C-N02) and aryl iodide to give the styrene compound (C=C-Ar) was reported using BEt3 and exposure to arr. ... 

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