Algorithm methods

Population Density Response Surface. The algorithm method of characteristic is used to reduce the partial differential Equation (1) into a set pf coupled ordinary differential equations. Since T(n,t) is an exact differential, then... 

In the present study, we propose a tuning method for PID controllers and apply the method to control the PBL process in LG chemicals Co. located in Yeochun. In the tuning method proposed in the present work, we first find the approximated process model after each batch by a closed-loop Identification method using operating data and then compute optimum tuning parameters of PID controllers based on GA (Genetic Algorithm) method. 

Nymeyer H, Gnanakaran S, Garcfa AE (2004) Atomic simulations of protein folding using the replica exchange algorithm. Methods Enzymol 383 119-149. 

While ANNs cannot do anything that would be impossible to accomplish using an alternative algorithmic method, they can execute tasks that would otherwise be very difficult, such as forming a model from sensory data or from data that is extracted from a continuous industrial process for which no comprehensive theoretical model exists. Their principal limitation is that the numerical model that they create, while open to inspection, is difficult to interpret. This is in marked contrast to the model used by expert systems, in which the knowledge of the system is expressed in readily interpreted statements of fact and logical expressions. Nevertheless, the power of the ANN is... 

Are there no "traditional" algorithmic methods that could provide an acceptable alternative to an ES ... 

Algorithmic Methods Development. The recent development of statistically-based HPLC solvent optimization computer programs (3-9) have achieved useful behavior in experimental design by optimizing separations with respect to specific performance criteria. However, AI programming techniques were not applied in these programs. 

There is normally some overlap of the above activities. For example, with a large program, a portion may be written and tested before another portion is written. For any problem, there will normally be more than one algorithm (method) to solve it. Each method will have its own advantages and disadvantages. The user will have a choice of algorithms and it will be his/her job to decide which algorithm is the best and why this is so. 

The results of the two algorithmic methods for estimation of the solubility parameter and its components (Hoftyzer-Van Krevelen and Hoy) are of the same order in accuracy (10%). So the safest way for estimation is to apply both methods, taking the average results. 

In principle, the steady-state rate expression for any enzyme with any number of reactants can be derived using the methods of the previous section. In practice, the procedure is very laborious, so use is made of an algorithmic method, introduced by King and Altman in 1956 it is not applicable to (1) nonenzymatic reactions (each reactant concentration must be S>[E]0), (2) mixtures of enzymes, or (3) reactions with nonenzymatic steps. However, these are not severe restrictions. It is applied as follows ... 

This book presents the latest developments in quantum and classical MD, related techniques, and their applications to several fields of science and engineering. Although the book is not formally divided into methods and applications we have arranged the chapters starting with those that discuss new algorithms, methods, and techniques, followed by several important applications. In the first chapter, Laaksonen and Tu review methods for the... 

Algorithm—Method for solving a numerical problem consisting of a series of mathematical steps. 

Watson, 1968 Rudd, 1968 Masso and Rudd, 1969). Algorithmic methods for selecting the optimal configuration from a given superstructure also began to be developed through the use of direct search methods for continuous variables (Umeda et al, 1972 Ichikawa and Fan, 1973) as well as branch and bound search methods (Lee et al, 1970). 

A polynomial was fit to the calibration curve for the thermocouple by means of a minimization of the maximum deviation technique using the Nelder Mead sequential simplex minimization algorithm method.( 5,6, 7) The coefficients of this polynomial are stored in the analysis program and are used to convert thermocouple voltages to temperature values. Y values are converted to dH(t,T)/dt, the heat flow into and out of the sample in mcal/sec. The operator selects a baseline for the analysis by entering the temperatures of the beginning and end points of the baseline. A plot is produced of the raw data with the operator selected baseline shown as illustrated in Figure A. 

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