Pectins alginate and

During World War II, Isbell worked on the synthesis of vitamin C and the use of algin, pectin, and other carbohydrates as components of dry cells. After the War, when the mildly radioactive elements 14C and 3H became available, chemists realized that much chemical and biological information could be obtained from... 

Complexes with Dextrins, Polysaccharide Gums, Alginates, Pectins, and... 

The hydrocolloids used stabilize this type of icing by their ability to form a gel or a highly viscous solution. Agar-agar, locust bean gum, sodium alginate (combined with a buffer and calcium salt), Irish moss extract, pectin, and karaya gum are hydrocolloids used. The finished icing may contain from 0.1 to 0.5% hydrocolloids. 

When treated with 5% sulfuric acid for 1.5 hours at 150°, pectin and D-galacturonic acid give reductic acid in yields of approximately 10% it is also formed on treatment of alginic acid with acid.96,119 The original preparation from pectin has been improved by using ion-exchange techniques,110 and synthetic preparations have been developed.188... 

Polysorbates or sorbitan esters, acacia, and tragacanth Aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite, carbomers, cellulose derivatives, gelatin, pectin, polyvinyl alcohol, alginates, starch, and xanthan gum Borates, citrates, acetates, and phosphates... 

Quantitative spectrophotometric methods for pectin utilize carbazole (diphenyleneimine Bitter and Muir, 1962) and m-hydroxydiphenyl (Kintner and Van Buren, 1982). The intense red-to-brown color with carbazole in sulfuric acid, relatively specific for uronans (pectin and alginate), is much less intense with ketohexoses, aldohexoses, and pentoses (Snell and Snell, 1953). The m-hydroxydiphenyl assay is subject to less interference than the carbazole assay. 

Morris, V. I., and Chilvers, G. R. (1984). Cold setting alginate-pectin mixed gels. J. Sci. Food Agric. 35 1370-1376. 

A slightly different approach is to deliver the active drug in a dry powder carrier system, for example microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxyethyl starch, cross-linked dextran, microcrystalline chitosan, carbomer, pectin, or alginic acid. The polymer absorbs water upon contact with the nasal mucosa and swells to become a viscous gel, often demonstrating bioadhesive properties. Such systems can remain in the nasal cavity for as long as six hours. For example, the bioavailability in rats of the somatostatin analogue, octreotide, was shown to be enhanced by the co-administration of alginic acid and cross-linked dextran as dry powders. 

Pectin and pectinates alginate, agar, carrageenan, furcellaran Gums (arabic, guar, locust bean, carob, karaya, adragant, tara, sterculia, tamarind, ghatti)... 

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