Aldehydes reaction with alkanolamines

Reaction With Carbonyl Compounds. Primary and secondary nitroparaffins undergo aldol-type reactions with a variety of aldehydes and ketones to give nitro alcohols (11). Those derived from the lower nitroparaffins and formaldehyde are available commercially (see Nitro alcohols). Nitro alcohols can be reduced to the corresponding amino alcohols (see Alkanolamines). 

Reaction with Aldehydes and Ketones. Formaldehyde combines with primary and secondary alkanolamines in the presence of alkali to give methylol derivatives. For the reaction of monoethanolamine with formaldehyde (12), the reaction scheme shown in Figure 1 occurs. 

OxazoHdines, formed by reaction of alkanolamines with aldehydes, ate useful as leather tanning agents and ate effective curing agents for proteins, phenoHc resins, moisture-cure urethanes, etc. They also find use as antimicrobial agents. 

For separation of the olefins, reliance was placed largely on efficient fractional distillation under pressure, using techniques now familiar to the petroleum industry the unusual feature was the low temperature required for concentration of ethylene. The main olefin reactions developed were hydration with sulfuric acid to give the alcohol, which was then dehydrogenated to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone, and conversion to the olefin oxide by reaction with hypochlorous acid. The ready commercial availability of the olefin oxides led to a continuous stream of new products, such as glycols, glycol ethers, and alkanolamines. 

FURAL/PYROMUCIC ALDEHYDE (98-01-1) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 140°F/60°C). Strong acids or strong bases may cause polymerization. Violent reaction with strong acids, alkalis, sodium bicarbonate. Incompatible with ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, aromatic amines, oxidizers. Attacks many plastics and coatings. 

METAPHOSPHORIC ACID (7664-38-2) A medium-strong acid. Violent reaction with strong bases. Violent reaction if water is added to concentrated acid. To dilute, always add acid to water heat will be generated. Reacts violently with solutions containing ammonia or bleach, azo compounds, epoxides, and other polymerizable compounds. Reacts, possibly violently, with amines, aldehydes, alkanolamines, alcohols, alkylene oxides, amides, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, calcium oxide, cyanides, epichlorohydrin, esters, halogenated... 

One of the best examples of the utility of enzymatic synthesis in catalyzing reactions that cannot be accomplished by any other route is the synthesis of substituted oxazolidine diesters. The oxazolidine ring is extremely water sensitive, the oxazolidine rapidly reverting back to the alkanolamine and aldehyde in the presence of water. Bis-oxazolidines have been used as hardeners for polymer coatings but the diester based on the hydroxyethyl oxazolidine and adipic acid cannot be synthesized directly with chemical catalysis because of the rapid rate of reaction of the oxazolidine ring with either the water from the esterification or the alcohol from transesterification. ... 

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