Olefine alcohol

The Fischer-Tropsch reaction is essentially that of Eq. XVIII-54 and is of great importance partly by itself and also as part of a coupled set of processes whereby steam or oxygen plus coal or coke is transformed into methane, olefins, alcohols, and gasolines. The first step is to produce a mixture of CO and H2 (called water-gas or synthesis gas ) by the high-temperature treatment of coal or coke with steam. The water-gas shift reaction CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 is then used to adjust the CO/H2 ratio for the feed to the Fischer-Tropsch or synthesis reactor. This last process was disclosed in 1913 and was extensively developed around 1925 by Fischer and Tropsch [268]. 

Another example is a chiral olefinic alcohol, which is disconnected at the double bond by a refro-Wittig transform. In the resulting 4-hydroxypentanal we recognize again glutamic acid, if methods are available to convert regio- and stereoselectively... 

Residual monomers in the latex are avoided either by effectively reacting the monomers to polymer or by physical or chemical removal. The use of tert-huty peroxypivalate as a second initiator toward the end of the polymeri2ation or the use of mixed initiator systems of K2S20g and tert-huty peroxyben2oate (56) effectively increases final conversion and decreases residual monomer levels. Spray devolatili2ation of hot latex under reduced pressure has been claimed to be effective (56). Residual acrylonitrile also can be reduced by postreaction with a number of agents such as monoamines (57) and dialkylamines (58), ammonium—alkali metal sulfites (59), unsaturated fatty acids or their glycerides (60,61), their aldehydes, esters of olefinic alcohols, cyanuric acid (62,63), andmyrcene (64). 

In acetic acid solvent, ethylene gives 1,3-propanediol acetates (46) and propylene gives 1,3-butanediol acetates (47). A similar reaction readily occurs with olefinic alcohols and ethers, diolefins, and mercaptans (48). 

Apparently the alkoxy radical, R O , abstracts a hydrogen from the substrate, H, and the resulting radical, R" , is oxidized by Cu " (one-electron transfer) to form a carbonium ion that reacts with the carboxylate ion, RCO - The overall process is a chain reaction in which copper ion cycles between + 1 and +2 oxidation states. Suitable substrates include olefins, alcohols, mercaptans, ethers, dienes, sulfides, amines, amides, and various active methylene compounds (44). This reaction can also be used with tert-huty peroxycarbamates to introduce carbamoyloxy groups to these substrates (243). 

All lation of Aromatic Amines and Pyridines. Commercially important aromatic amines are aniline [62-53-3] toluidine [26915-12-8], phenylenediamines [25265-76-3], and toluenediamines [25376-45-8] (see Amines, aromatic). The ortho alkylation of these aromatic amines with olefins, alcohols, and dienes to produce more valuable derivatives can be achieved with soHd acid catalysts. For instance, 5-/ f2 butyl-2,4-toluenediamine (C H gN2), which is used for performance polymer appHcations, is produced at 85% selectivity and 84% 2,4-toluenediamine [95-80-7] (2,4-4L)A)... 

Alkyl boric acid esters derived from straight-chain alcohols and aryl boric acid esters are stable to relatively high temperatures. Methyl borate is stable to 470°C (11). Trialkoxyboranes from branched-chain alcohols are much less stable, and boranes from tertiary alcohols can even decompose at 100°C (12). Decomposition of branched-chain esters leads to mixtures of olefins, alcohols, and other derivatives. 

Preparation and Application of Aliphatic Fluorine Compounds 1 Halides, Olefins Alcohols, and Cyclobutaiies Oer) Liebig H Ulm, K Chem Ztg 99, 477M85 ISO... 

The reaction of olefins,alcohols,and epoxides > with or at high temperatures over catalysts such as... 

The soft rose-like and similar odours of the di-olefinic alcohols of the geraniol type. 

Olefin, n. olefin, olefine, -alkohol, m. olefinic alcohol, olefin alcohol, -haloid, n, olefin halide, olefinisch, a. olefinic. 

Compound types Aromatics Olefins Alcohols Nitriles Acids CHC12 CC13 CH2C1 NO, Diols Ketones Ethers Aldehydes N(Me), Esters Epoxides Nitromethane Nitrogroups Pyridine Dioxane Aromatic bases... 

Olefinic alcohols other than allyl alcohol display a preference for O/H insertion which is quite similar to that of the latter and rather independent of the particular compound 162). Relative reactivity studies show, however, that an allylic O—H bond reacts faster than a non-allylic one, and that steric hindrance slows... 

A limitation to the use of the Tebbe reagent 93 was observed during the attempted conversion of substrates 139 and 142 to the tricyclic systems 141 and 144 respectively (Scheme 21). The major products from these reactions were olefinic alcohols 140 and 143. These products presumably resulted from sequential hydrolysis and olefination of the initially formed cyclic enol ethers. The problem associated with these sensitive substrates was overcome through use of the less Lewis-acidic Petasis reagent 110, which provided access to the desired products 141 and 144 [34a]. 

Partial hydrogenation of acetylenic compounds bearing a functional group such as a double bond has also been studied in relation to the preparation of important vitamins and fragrances. For example, selective hydrogenation of the triple bond of acetylenic alcohols and the double bond of olefin alcohols (linalol, isophytol) was performed with Pd colloids, as well as with bimetallic nanoparticles Pd/Au, Pd/Pt or Pd/Zn stabilized by a block copolymer (polystyrene-poly-4-vinylpyridine) (Scheme 9.8). The best activity (TOF 49.2 s 1) and selectivity (>99.5%) were obtained in toluene with Pd/Pt bimetallic catalyst due to the influence of the modifying metal [87, 88]. 

Scheme 9.8 Semihydrogenation of olefin alcohols with Pd colloids stabilized by a block copolymer polystyrene-poly-4-vinyl pyridine.

Scheme 15 Iridium-catalyzed couplings of 1,3-cyclohexadiene under transfer hydrogenation conditions (ratio refers to 1,4-oIefinic versus 1,5-olefinic alcohols)...

Aryltellurium trichlorides are suitable reagents for the telluroetherification of olefinic alcohols and allylphenols, exhibiting the advantages of stability and easy separability of the formed crystalline dichloroteUuro derivatives compared to the preceding tellurinyl acetate method. 

Figure 3.31 Conversion versus time in the hydrogenation of two different olefinic alcohols (hex-2-en-1-ol and hex-5-en-1-ol) with two different catalysts (a) Rh/Si02 (b) [Rhsjsfri SnBu)/...

Lithium aluminum hydride reduces acetylenic acids containing conjugated triple bonds to olefinic alcohols. Acetylenedicarboxylic acid gave, at room temperature after 16 hours, 84% yield of /ra s-2-butene-l,4-diol [975]. 

In this study we report on the reaction of selective hydrogenation of DHL (3,7-dimethyl-6-octaene-l-yne-3-ol, dehydrolinalool) to olefin alcohol LN (3,7-dimethyl-octadiene-1, 6-ol-3, linalool). Fig. 1 shows the way of the DHL hydrogenation. In this... 

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