Alcohol intoxication symptoms

Toxicobgy LD50 (oral, rat) 1410 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 3560 mg/kg toxic may cause mild skin and severe eye irritation skin absorp. can occur inh. of mist may cause nose/throat irritation, headaches, nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, incoordination ing. may cause alcohol intoxication symptoms severe exposure may cause unconsciousness, coma may cause lung damage, respiratory arrest, death if aspirated into... 

Ing. and skin contact skin and severe eye Irritant Inh. may cause nose/throat Irritation, CNS effects Ing. may cause alcohol Intoxication symptoms severe exposure may cause unconsciousness and coma may cause severe lung damage, respiratory arrest, and death If aspirated Into lungs TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. exposed to heat or flame incompat. with oxidizing agents (increase flre/explosion hazard)... 

Properties Colorless liq., fruity odor, aromatic flavor sol. in alcohol, ether, acetone, chlorofomr, benzene, oxygenated soivs. si. sol. in water m.w. 102.20 dens. 0.8186 vapor pressure 1 mm Hg (24.4 C) fp. -51.6 C b.p. 157.2 C flash pt. (TOC) 65 C ref index 1.1469 surf. fens. 25.73 dynes/cm Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4.59 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) 3100 mg/kg poison by IV route mod. toxic by ing., skin contact skin and severe eye irritant can be absorbed through skin inh. may cause CNS effects, headache, nausea, dizziness, incoordination ing. may cause alcohol intoxication symptoms may cause severe lung damage, respiratory anest, possibly death if aspirated into lungs TSCA listed Environmental VOC BODS 1.50 ThOD 2.82... 

Signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication are slurred speech, ataxia, sedation, nystagmus, unconsciousness, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, delirium, and seizures. Signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal are tachycardia, diaphoresis, and hyperthermia. 

Ethanol produces central nervous system depression over a wide range of doses. Its effects are additive or sometimes more than additive with other central nervous system depressants. Symptoms often associated with acute alcohol intoxication include increase in self-confidence, loss of inhibitions, euphoria, and loss of judgment. With increasing doses motor and intellectual impairment become prominent. Chronic abuse of ethanol leads to severe liver impairment (see Chapter 35). 

Reversible neuropsychiatric symptoms, readily resembling alcoholic intoxication, have occurred after a single dose of 5 ml. Sleep apnea causing neuropsychiatric abnormalities has been attributed to exposure to high concentrations of tetrachloroethylene and A-butanol vapors however, the patient was obese and the association with the solvents was not clear (611). 

Tolerance may occur to the point that patients can appear to be alert and talking coherently with blood alcohol levels in excess of 400 mg/dl, but these individuals are still at risk of respiratory arrest and death at that level of intoxication. Later, they will not remember what occurred during this time (they are in a blackout), and they may experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms when their BAL drops from 400 to 200, a level that is still indicative of intoxication for most people. 

Reversible neuropsychiatric symptoms, readily resembling alcoholic intoxication, have occurred after a single dose of 5 ml. Sleep apnea causing neuropsychiatric... 

Psychiatric symptoms are very common in alcohol intoxication and withdrawal, but studies by Schuckit show that most of these symptoms improve greatly within one to four weeks of abstinence and are likely to abate over several months (Brown and Schuckit 1988 Schuckit, Irwin, and Brown 1990). The three diagnoses associated with increased risk of alcoholism are schizophrenia, mania, and antisocial personality disorder. As a depressant, alcohol tends to produce depressive symptoms during intoxication and anxiety symptoms during withdrawal and abstinence. These syndromes often mimic major depression or an anxiety disorder, but they will usually resolve within two weeks of abstinence and do not require prolonged treatment. 

The DSM-IV-TR definition of alcohol withdrawal includes two main components The first component is a history of cessation or reduction in heavy and prolonged alcohol use. The second includes the presence of two or more of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal as weU as acute alcohol intoxication are shown in Table 65-3. 

TABLE 65—3. Signs and Symptoms of Alcohol Intoxication and Withdrawal... 

The characteristic signs and symptoms of alcohol intoxication are well known. Nevertheless, an erroneous diagnosis of drunkenness may occur with patients who appear inebriated but who have not ingested ethanol. Diabetic coma, for example, may be mistaken for severe alcoholic intoxication. Drug intoxication, cardiovascular accidents, and skull fractures also may be confused with alcohol intoxication. The odor of the breath of a person who has consumed ethanol is due not to ethanol vapor but to impurities in alcoholic beverages. Breath odor in a case of suspected intoxication can be misleading because there can be other causes of breath odor similar to that after alcohol consumption. BALs are necessary to confirm the presence or absence of alcohol intoxication. 

Mild acute and chronic intoxication from barbiturates is similar to that associated with alcohol, including symptoms of sluggishness, slurred speech, poor memory, and difficulty in thinking. Its effect with alcohol, another CNS depressant, is additive. Death can occur from intake of barbiturates with large amounts of alcohol. 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 3730 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 14,100 mg/kg mod. toxic by ing. mildly toxic by skin contact primary irritant skin irritant may cause symptoms of alcohol intoxication on ing. (vomiting, cyanosis, headache, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, unconsciousness) may affect kidneys low acute toxicity by inh. nonirritating, but can be absorbed thru skin TSCA listed Precaution Combustible liq. avoid contact with acid... 

Methyl chloride (CH3CI) has a slight, not unpleasant odor that is not irritating and may pass unnoticed unless a warning agent has been added. Exposure to excessive concentrations of CH3CI is indicated by symptoms similar to those of alcohol intoxication, that is, drowsiness, mental confusion, nausea, and possibly vomiting. 

Girosital was administered to 33 men with long-standing alcohol abuse, twice daily for 3 months. It significantly reduced serum triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein and increased the level of HDL-cholesterin it was particularly effective for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemia types 11b and IV. Liver lesions relating to alcohol intoxication improved and subjective complaints such as dyspeptic symptoms and pain were reduced (Konstantinova et al., 1988). 

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