Alcohol drug reaction with

A disulfiram-type reaction may occur when these anti-infectives are combined with alcohol the reaction includes flushing, diaphoresis, tachycardia, headache, and increases in blood pressure avoid alcohol if these drugs are used. 

In this type of reaction the active drug undergoes decomposition following reaction with the solvent present. Usually the solvent is water, but sometimes the reaction may involve pharmaceutical cosolvents such as ethyl alcohol or polyethylene glycol. These solvents can act as nucleophiles, attacking the electropositive centers in drug molecules. The most common solvolysis reactions encountered in pharmaceuticals are those involving labile carbonyl compounds such as esters, lactones, and lactams (Table 1). 

Concomitant conditions Use with caution in the following patients exposed to extreme heat or phosphorus insecticides atropine or related drugs because of additive anticholinergic effects those in a state of alcohol withdrawal those with dermatoses or other allergic reactions to phenothiazine derivatives because of the possibility of cross-sensitivity those who have exhibited idiosyncrasy to other centrally acting drugs. 

Procarbazine may potentiate the effects of tranquilizers and hypnotics. Hypertensive episodes can result if procarbazine is administered simultaneously with adrenomimetic drugs or with tyramine-containing foods. Rarely, a reaction to alcohol similar to that provoked by disulfiram may occur. 

In a similar approach, Kasture and coworkers describe the use of neat substrate (ethyl acetate both as alcohol donor and as the reaction medium) in the preparation of chirally pure S-(-)-l,4-benzodioxan-2-carboxylate, an important drug intermediate used in the synthesis of doxazosin mesylate, from racemic l,4-benzodioxan-2-carboxylic acid [138]. Again, CaLB catalyzed the transesterification reaction with good enanhoselectivity (E = 160) and acceptable enantiomeric excess (>95%) and chemical yield (50%). 

Salem et al. [48] reported simple and accurate methods for the quantitative determination of flufenamic, mefenamic and tranexamic acids utilizing precipitation reactions with cobalt, cadmium and manganese. The acidic drugs were precipitated from their neutral alcoholic solutions with cobalt sulfate, cadmium nitrate or manganese chloride standard solutions followed by direct determination of the ions in the precipitate or indirect determination of the ions in the filtrate by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The optimum conditions for precipitation were carefully studied. The molar ratio of the reactants was ascertained. Statistical analysis of the results compared to the results of the official methods revealed equal precision and accuracy. The suggested procedures were applied for determining flufenamic, mefenamic and... 

In epoxidation reactions allyl alcohol can act as a prochiral alkene. Enantio-merically pure glycidol isomers (see Table 1.1) may be used to make S-propanolol 9.61, a drug for heart disease and hypertension. The mechanistic details of the epoxidation reaction with V5+ and Mo6+ complexes as catalysts were discussed in Section 8.6. The basic mechanism of epoxidation reaction, the transfer of an oxygen atom from f-butyl hydroperoxide to the alkene functionality, remains the same. 

ALCOHOL DISULFIRAM Disulfiram reaction See Drugs Acting on the Nervous System Do not co administer. Disulfiram must not be given within 12 hours of ingestion of alcohol. This reaction could occur even with the small amounts of alcohol found in cough syrup or cold remedies... 

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