Airborne effluents

M. Smith, ed.. Recommended Guidefor the Prediction of the Dispersion of Airborne Effluents, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1968. 

A notable exception to the above is the airborne effluent from spent nuclear fuel reprocessing and from tritium production. In this case, iodine-131 volatilizes from fuel reprocessing and must be removed by passing the... 

McBride J. P., Moore R. E., Witherspoon J. P., and Blanco R. E. (1978) Radiological impact of airborne effluents of coal and nuclear power plants. Science 202, 1045-1050. 

The amounts of radioactive substance emitted in the airborne effluents of coal-fired plants have been studied by a number of research groups, including Eisenbud and Petrow (1964), Terrill et al., Martin et al. (1971), McBride etal. (1977) and Styron et al. (1980). 

A detailed report on radiological impact of airborne effluents of coal-fired and nuclear power plants has been published by McBride et al. (1977). Data based on the same report are also presented by Torrey (1978). Here is the summary of their reports. 

For quick and effective measures in the case of radiologically abnormal situations and for comprehensive data filling and analysis, these measured values together with the other items of radioactive concentration in air and radioactivities in airborne effluents are centralised and analysed continuously by the computerised data acquisition system. 

Control of airborne effluent such as gases, vapors and particulate matter in smoke is very difficult in a chemical warehouse environment. Design criteria currently does not exist for systems to mitigate airborne releases resulting from fires, decomposition or incompatible chemical reactions. Therefore, the emphasis should be on preventing these incidents from occurring. 

Airborne effluents, carrying radon gas ( Rn) and radioactive dust particles... 

Airborne effluents. Table 5.24 lists the annual emission rate of airborne radionuclides from the two types of model uranium rruU, each after 20 years accumulation of tailings. 

Reactor type Collective effective dose per unit electric. Airborne effluents Noble gas 1 tl energy generated (man-Sv/GWy) Liquid effluents Particulates Others ... 

The released activities in fuel reprocessing, normalized by the unit of electric energy, are shown in O Table 55.30. In airborne effluents, Kr is most important, tritium and C are minor, and others are present only as traces. In liquid effluents, tritium is a major component. 

The exhaust air of the disposal facility should be monitored in order to demonstrate compliance with the limits for airborne effluent discharges. Filters for the retention of aerosols may also be foreseen, depoiding on the specific conditions. Waste water arising fiom normal operation or as a consequence of an incident or a remedial action should be collected in order to allow a controlled discharge. 

Consideration of non-stochastic limits has not been included in deriving the air and water effluent concentration limits because non-stochastic effects are presumed not to occur at the dose levels established for individual members of the public. For radionuclides, where the non-stochastic limit was governing in deriving the occupational DAC, the stochastic ALT was used in deriving the corresponding airborne effluent limit in Table 2. For this reason, the DAC and airborne effluent limits are not always proportional as they were the previous Appendix B. 

The values of activity concentration provided in this Safety Guide are not intended to be applied to the control of radioactive discharges of liquid and airborne effluents from authorized practices, or to radioactive residues in the environment. Guidance on the authorization of discharges of liquid and airborne effluents and the reuse of contaminated land is provided in Refs [9, 10],... 

IAEA (1978). International Atomic Energy Agency, Removal Storage and Disposal of Gaseous Radionuclides from Airborne Effluents, IAEA Report No. 209 (Internationl Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna). 

Monitoring the residual airborne effluent and controlling the dissolution to remain below the release specifications. 

Oil aerosol or oil vaponr is present in atmospheric air as an airborne effluent from industrial processes and exhanst emissions. Lnbrication in compression chambers invariably means there will be oil aerosols or vapour present in the ouqtut from the compressor. 

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