Agroindustrial wastes

Bramorski, A., Soccol, C. R., Christen, P., and Revah, S. (1998). Fruit aroma production by Ceratocystis fimbriata in solid cultures from agroindustrial wastes. Rev. Microbiol. 29. 

Table 4 Main Phenolic Acids in Crude Extracts from Agroindustrial Wastes...

The modern agricultural technology is ever more demanding for agrochemicals and materials and manufacts that are eco-compatible and attainable at a reasonably competitive price. In that respect, the introduction of polymeric materials from renewable resources in a large variety of agricultural applications appears to be a viable solution provided these materials may be derived from cheap raw materials and eventually from agroindustrial waste or a suitable combination of natural resources and fossil fuel. 

Chiellini, E., Cinelli, P., D Antone, S., Ilieva, V.I., Magni, S., Miele, S., and Pampana, S., 2003, Hybrid Liquid Mulch Based on Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Agroindustrial Waste. Interaction with the Soil. Macromol. Symp. in press. 

Markou, G. Georgakakis, D. Cultivation of filamentous cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in agroindustrial wastes and wastewaters A review. Appl. Energy 2011, 88, 3389-3401. 

Platform Chemical Biorefinery and Agroindustrial Waste Management... 

Agroindustrial Waste Types and Their Global Annual Production... 

Present Agroindustrial Waste Management Approaches 203.1 Current Practices Traditional... 

PLATFORM CHEMICAL BIOREFINERY AND AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT... 

AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTE TYPES AND THEIR GLOBAL ANNUAL PRODUCTION... 

The primary source of agroindustrial waste is residue from agricultural crops. The cultivation of wheaf, maize, rice, soybean, barley, rapeseed, sugarcane, and sugar beet results in the production of 3.3 Gt of agricultural waste per year. China, the United States, and India accoxmt for 60% of the crop residues produced (Bentsen and Felby, 2010). The level of agricultural waste production shows considerable differences over crop species, region of cultivation, and social, technical, and local factors (Lobell et al., 2009). 

Fig. 20.4 shows the trends in traditional and modem uses of various agroindustrial wastes. Based on the modem use of all type of wastes, bioethanol production is suggested. Though the conversion of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars is a tedious process, various novel techniques have been suggested by many researchers. These techniques enable the conversion to be easier and economical, so that it can be commercially viable. 

FIGURE 20.4 Traditional and modern uses of agroindustrial wastes (Isah el al., 2015). 

ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF USING AGROINDUSTRIAL WASTES AS THE FEEDSTOCK FOR BIOREFINERY ... 

Agriculture waste is a renewable resource. Unlike crude oil, which is a source for many platform chemicals, agroindustrial wastes are renewable and are constantly regenerated. 

Another factor to be considered is the readiness of farmers to invest in collection, storage, and segregation facilihes and to try out new modes of waste management apart from existing methods. Whether or not investors are ready to design and operate plants that use new technologies and methods will also play an important role in the future prospects of agroindustrial wastes as biorefinery feedstock. 

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