Agitation-dependent

The power consumed by an agitator depends on its dimensions and the physical properties of the fluids being mixed (i.e., density and viscosity). Since there is a possibility of a gas-liquid surface being... 

It is common to carry out reactions in dispersed liquid-liquid systems. The rates of such reactions show different dependences on the intensity of agitation depending on whether the reaction occurs in a bulk phase, within the diffusion film, or at the interface [9]. 

Paper agitation depends on the method of fixation Kodak Two-Bath or Ilford Single-Bath with Rapid Fixer (see Fixing Paper, above). If the two-bath method is used, agitate for 30 seconds each minute. If using the single-bath method, agitation should be continuous. 

After oral administration zaleplon is well absorbed (71%) and peak concentrations are reached in about 60 minutes. However, it undergoes presystemic elimination and has a systemic availability of about 30%. Its adverse effects include anterograde amnesia, depression, paradoxical reactions (for example restlessness, agitation), dependence, and withdrawal symptoms (related to the dose and duration of treatment). Although the data are limited, it is thought to be relatively safe in overdose, unless it is combined with other CNS depressants. 

The energy consumption in agitation depends on the basic principles of fluid mechanics however, the flow patterns in a mixing vessel are much too complex for their rigorous application. Therefore, empirical relationships based on dimensionless groups are used. Here, because most fluid foods are non-Newtonian in nature, the... 

CNS agitation, dependency, CNS depression, lethargy, restlessness, sedation Cardiovascular bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia Gastrointestinal nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, paralytic ileus, biliary spasm, cholestatic jaundice Genitourinary urinary retention Respiratory respiratory depression, respiratory paralysis... 

Figure 6.5 shows a typical setup of a paddle dryer. The agitator consists of a rotating shaft to which paddles are attached discs or coils may be used instead of paddles in other types of designs. Typical rotational speeds of the agitators are between 10 and 30 rpm. The selection of the type of agitators depends on the nature and handling behavior of the... 

The power number of anchor agitators depends on the wall clearance, in addition to the impeller Reynolds number. This relationship is shown in Figure 6-33 for two anchor geometries flat and round blade anchors, at two values of wall clearance. 

The functional relationship between ksL and the speed of agitation depends on the hydrodynamic regime of agitation. In the turbulent regime, where the impeller Reynolds number is greater than 1000, the value of ksL is independent of particle size and practically independent of the density difference (Doraiswamy and Sharma, 1984). 

An agitator consists of blades attached to a rotating shaft. Impellers have flat blades and provide radial flowpattems whereas propellers provide axial flow movement Paddle agitators consist of tilted flat blades providing a combination of radial and axial flow movement Selection of the appropriate agitator depends on the processing requirements, the fluid properties, and the materials of construction. 

The diffusion layer widtli is very much dependent on tire degree of agitation of tire electrolyte. Thus, via tire parameter 5, tire hydrodynamics of tire solution can be considered. Experimentally, defined hydrodynamic conditions are achieved by a rotating cylinder, disc or ring-disc electrodes, for which analytical solutions for tire diffusion equation are available [37, 4T, 42 and 43]. 

In a typical adiabatic polymerization, approximately 20 wt % aqueous acrylamide is charged into a stainless steel reactor equipped with agitation, condenser, and cooling jacket or coils. To initiate the polymerization, an aqueous solution of sodium bisulfite [7631-90-5] is added, followed by the addition of a solution of ammonium persulfate [7727-54-0] N2HgS20g. As the polymerization proceeds, the temperature rises to about 90°C, and then begins to fall at the end of the polymerization. The molecular weight obtained depends primarily on the initiator concentration employed. 

The diffusion coefficient depends upon the characteristics of the absorption process. Reducing the thickness of the surface films increases the coefficient and correspondingly speeds up the absorption rate. Therefore, agitation of the Hquid increases diffusion through the Hquid film and a higher gas velocity past the Hquid surface could cause more rapid diffusion through the gas film. 

As the throughput in a contactor represented by the superficial velocities and is increased, the holdup / increases in a nonlinear fashion. A flooding point is reached at which the countercurrent flow of the two Hquid phases cannot be maintained. The flow rates at which flooding occurs depend on system properties, in particular density difference and interfacial tension, and on the equipment design and the amount of agitation suppHed (40,65). 

The type of floe requited depends on the separation process which foUows, eg, rotary vacuum filtration requites evenly sized, smaU, strong floes that capture ultrafines to prevent cloth blinding and cloudy filtrates. The floes should not be subject to sedimentation in the vat or breakage by the agitator. 

Economic evaluations of algal production indicate that production costs vary from 0.15 to 4.00/kg of algal product, depending on type of bioreactor, culture technique, and operating conditions (51). For systems with controlled agitation and carbonation, including raceways and tubular reactors, production costs ate estimated to range from 2.00 to 4.00/kg. 

The speed of the pickle reaction is also dependent on the concentration and temperature of the pickle, the degree of agitation of either the metal part or the pickle solution, the alloy being pickled, and the acid used. Pickling solutions may be appHed by either spray or immersion techniques. However, because of the noxious fumes emitted, there must be adequate ventilation. Sometimes, particularly when spraying techniques are used, an enclosure to contain the fumes and mist is employed. 

When an impeller is rotated in an agitated tank containing two immiscible Hquids, two processes take place. One consists of breakup of dispersed drops due to shearing near the impeller, and the other is coalescence of drops as they move to low shear zones. The drop size distribution (DSD) is decided when the two competing processes are in balance. During the transition, the DSD curve shifts to the left with time, as shown in Figure 18. Time required to reach the equiHbrium DSD depends on system properties and can sometimes be longer than the process time. 

Paste rosin sizes are supplied as viscous pastes containing 60—80% solids. These sizes may contain unmodified or fortified rosin that has reacted (ie, been fortified) with either maleic anhydride [108-31-6] or fumaric acid [110-17-8] (see Fig. 3). In either case, the unmodified or fortified rosin is treated with aqueous alkaH so that the degree of neutralization, ie, saponification, varies from 75—100% depending on the physical state desired for the commercial product. Before use, the paste size must be converted to a stable, dilute rosin size emulsion by careful sequential dilution with warm water foUowed by cold water, with good agitation. 

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