Aggregated cell cultures

Chick embryo neural retina cells have also been grown in culture (Daston et al., 1995), and studies indicate positive responses to chemicals at concentrations similar to those active in in vivo tests. Reinhardt (1993) has reviewed the use of organ slices, aggregate cell cultures and the micromass techniques for the study of neurodev-elopmental toxicity. Two recent reviews of these in vitro systems, especially the micromass and the chick embryo neural retinal cell system, have been published (Daston, 1996a Mirkes, 1996). 

Using the more complex model of aggregating cell cultures, van Vliet et al.39 investigated an in vitro metabolomics approach for neurotoxicity testing. A neurotoxic compound, methylmercury, at subcytotoxic concentrations, caused... 

NGF) stimulation of cholinergic telencephalic neurons in aggregating cell cultures. Dev. Brain Res. 3 229-238. 

Explant and aggregated cell cultures consist of heterogenous cell material and have been used for autoradiographic studies (Hosli... 

Among the wide choice of reactor designs, the biofilm reactor is one of the best suited for azo-dye conversion as it meets two important process requisites. The first is related to the hindered growth feature of bacterial metabolism under anaerobic conditions. The second is related to the necessity to increase cell densities (see previous section) with respect to those commonly harvested in liquid broths [55, 56]. Except for bacteria that forms aggregates spontaneously, immobilization of cells on granular carriers and membrane reactor technology are the two common pathways to achieve high-density confined cell cultures in either discontinuous or flow reactors. 

Biological Effects in Cell Cultures of Fullerene C60 Dependence on Aggregation State... 

A. General description Abciximab is the Fab fragment of the chimeric human-murine monoclonal antibody 7E3. It binds to the glycoprotein (gp) Ilb/IIIa receptor of human platelets and inhibits platelet aggregation. The chimeric antibody is produced by continuous perfusion in mammahan cell-culture. The 48kDa F b fragment is purified from cell-culture supernatant. 

Although certain simple functions of the liver, such as the removal of some toxins, can be performed by using dialysis and adsorption with activated charcoal, it is clear that such a simple artificial approach cannot perform the complex functions of the liver, and that any practical liver support system must use living hepatocytes. It should be mentioned at this point that hepatocytes have an anchorage-dependent nature that is, they require a form of anchor (i.e., a solid surface or scaffold) on which to grow. Thus, the use of single-cell suspensions is not appropriate for liver cell culture, and fiver cells attached to solid surfaces are normally used. Encapsulated fiver cells and spheroids (i.e., spherical aggregates of fiver cells) may also be used for this purpose. 

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