Agent sensors, clinical applications

In some applications, silver/silver chloride or calomel electrodes are considered cumbersome to use and maintain. More importantly, they are extremely difficult to miniaturize particularly with regard to their combined use with potentiometric membrane electrodes (see Section 18a.4.5.4) that have been fabricated into highly miniaturized and compact screen-printed sensor arrays for clinical use. Thus, several reference electrodes are manufactured with the same polymeric materials that are needed to design the responsive ion-selective membranes [7]. Incorporation of suitable active agents into such membranes leads to potentiometric responses that are ideally independent of the sample... 

Both procedures provide different information with different significance. Depending on the application and the clinical situation, the advantages or disadvantages of one or other procedure may prevail. In anesthesia there is a trend to prefer multiparameter monitors for concentrations of O2, N2O, CO2, and agents. Therefore, a sidestream monitor may combine several separate sensors for different gases which utilize the same gas sample... 

GOD is a glycoprotein containing two fiavine adenine dinucleotide FAD molecules as redox centers. The great interest in this enzyme can be explained by (i) its chemical resistance to acid media and denaturing agents such as urea and sodium dodecylsulfate [23], (ii) its commercial availability at a low price, and (iii) the extent of applications of glucose sensors in clinical analysis (diabetics control) and the food and pharmaceutical industries (fermentation control). 

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