Adverse drug reactions allergic

Every patient receiving antimicrobial therapy for skin and soft tissue infections must be monitored for efficacy and safety. Efficacy typically is manifested by reductions in temperature, white blood cell count, erythema, edema, and pain that begin within 48 to 72 hours. To ensure safety, dose antibiotics according to renal and hepatic function as appropriate, and monitor for and minimize adverse drug reactions, allergic reactions, and drug interactions. 

Monitoring and Managing Adverse Drug Reactions The nurse must observe the patient for adverse reactions, especially an allergic reaction (see Chap. 1). If one or more adverse reactions should occur, the nurse withholds Hie next dose of Hie drag and notifies Hie primaiy healtii care provider. 

Evaluate the patient for adverse drug reactions, IV site extravasation and allergic reactions. What alternative AEDs should be used if a drug allergy is identified ... 

O Allergic and pseudoallergic reactions represent 23.8% of reported adverse drug reactions, cause considerable morbidity and mortality, and are costly. 

Adverse drug reactions can be classified simply according to their onset or severity. ADRs are occasionally classified as acute/ subacute/ or latent. Acute events are those observed within 60 minutes after the administration of a medication and include anaphylactic shock/ severe bronchoconstrictioii/ and nausea or vomiting (17). Subacute reactions occur within 1 to 24 hours and include maculopapular rasly serum sicknesS/ allergic vasculitiS/ and antibiotic-associated diarrhea or colitis. Latent reactions require 2 or more days to become apparent and include eczematous eruptions/ organ toxicity/ and tardive dyskinesia. 

Antonen JA, Markula KP, Pertovaara MI, Pasternack AI. Adverse drug reactions in Sjogren s syndrome. Frequent allergic reactions and a specific trimethoprim-associated systemic reaction. Scand J Rheumatol 1999 28(3) 157-9. 

Safe drug therapy 5. Adverse drug reaction Patient has medical problem caused by an adverse drug effect, which may include a side effect as well as an allergic reaction idiosyncratic reaction and a dmg-drug, drug-food, or drug-laboratory test interaction. ... 

Adverse drug reactions. Proven unwanted side-effects due to treatment with a drug. They are conventionally classified into two sorts. Type A, which are due to a predictable pharmacological effect of the drug and are usually dose-dependent, and Type B, which are unpredictable (perhaps allergic) and are usually more serious and rarer. 

Whether an adverse drug reaction is of the allergic, the toxic, the idiosyncratic or any other type, may be at first unclear and debatable. The first step is observation, recognition and study of the reaction. Interpretation may take years of research or, it may not be possible at all with the methods currently available. 

Several types of adverse drug reactions do not easily fit into Cell and Coomb s classification scheme. These include most cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions (such as toxic epidermal necrolysis), immune-allergic hepatitis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Another difficulty is that allergic drug reactions can occur via more than one mechanism picryl chloride in mice induces both type 1 and type IV responses. Although other classification schemes have been proposed. Cell and Coomb s system remains the most widely utilized scheme [4-7]. 

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