Advances in technology

Advances in technology have increased the importance of lignin products in various industrial appHcations. They are derived from an abundant, renewable resource, and they are nontoxic and versatile in performance. 

First the committee should consider the technical merit of the invention. Specifically, is it reasonable from a scientific or engineering standpoint Further, is there a clear advance in technology that has not been previously undertaken or achieved by another party ... 

It is also important to ascertain the commercial significance of the invention. Although the invention may provide a measurably large advance in technology, science, or industry, it may not provide an easily producible commercial vehicle or product. Alternatively, the invention may be easily produced as a commercial product, but that product may have limited relevance to the overall commercial strategy or plans of the organization. 

For mechanical wave measurements, notice should be taken of the advances in technology. It is particularly notable that the major advances in materials description have not resulted so much from improved resolution in measurement of displacement and/or time, but in direct measurements of the derivative functions of acceleration, stress rate, and density rate as called for in the theory of structured wave propagation. Future developments, such as can be anticipated with piezoelectric polymers, in which direct measurements are made of rate-of-change of stress or particle velocity should lead to the observation of recognized mechanical effects in more detail, and perhaps the identification of new mechanical phenomena. 

Frenier, Wayne E. (Hydrochem Industrial Services). 20 Years of Advances in Technology for Chemically Cleaning Industrial Equipment A Critical Review. Paper 338, presented at the NACE International Corrosion Conference, USA 1998. 

Many techniques for the analysis of anthocyanins have been used for almost a century and are still of importance, along with considerable advances in technologies such as mass spectroscopy (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This section summarizes the analytical procedures for quantitative and qualitative analyses of anthocyanins, including classical and modem techniques. 

Another important consideration pertains to the metal content of the deposit. A deposit with a content of iron of about 20% can have little value as an iron ore since there are several deposits with 30-50% iron. Earlier, a copper ore with a minimum of 5% copper was regarded or accepted as a copper ore. However, today, thanks to advancements in technology, rocks with as little as 0.5% copper are mined and processed economically despite the fact that the price of copper, in comparison with those of some other metals, might be showing a downward trend. It is possible that in the future, other resources, which are not considered to be worth exploiting today (such as the manganese nodules or the clays), would become acceptable ores for manganese, copper, nickel, cobalt, and aluminum. 

Advances in technology may make the best-appearing process obsolete before the plant can be put into operation. This happened to a multimillion dollar plant that Armour Company built in the early 1950s for producing ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). This is a hormone originally extracted from the pituitary... 

The disparity between plant costs obtained before 1963 (Rims 1 and 2 in Table 9-5 and Fig. 9-1, with m = 0.88) and those obtained after 1966 (other runs and Fig. 9-1 with m = 0.70) can be explained by advances in technology. This was discussed in Chapter 3. The use of an exponential factor to scale up size assumes that a similar plant will be built. This was not true for ammonia plants. In fact, if a company is doing developmental research it should never be true. Each plant should be better than the last. 

Today, controlling the mind of what is perceived as the enemy has risen to new heights. While propagandists and spin doctors are the more visible tools, there is a much more sinister understanding of how advances in technology can turn any human being into a kind of slave. The worst part of it all is that many of those so enslaved are so well conditioned to their state of misery that they accept the yoke with little struggle. 

Although silicon compounds have been used since the earliest times, the element was not obtainable until advances in technology came about. Minerals containing silicon include sand and silicates that are widely distributed (silicon constitutes approximately 23% of the earth s crust), and they have been used in making glass, pottery, and mortar for many centuries. In addition to these uses, silicon is now highly purified for use in integrated circuits (chips) and as an alloy known as Duriron that has many uses. Silicon has the diamond structure with a density of 2.3 g/cm3. 

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