Advanced-flow reactor

Figure 5.10 Advanced-flow reactor module. Source Reprinted from Ref 129] Q 2012 with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Table 53 Some characteristics of Corning Advanced Flow Reactor modules.

Some advanced flow reactors at the heart of a refinery s fluid catalytic cracker can run continuously without a single stop for as many as four years. 

Graul S T and Squires R R 1988 Advances in flow reactor techniques for the study of gas-phase ion chemistry Mass Spectrom. Rev. 7 263-358... 

The principal advance ia technology for SASOL I relative to the German Fischer-Tropsch plants was the development of a fluidized-bed reactor/regenerator system designed by M. W. Kellogg for the synthesis reaction. The reactor consists of an entrained-flow reactor ia series with a fluidized-bed regenerator (Fig. 14). Each fluidized-bed reactor processes 80,000 m /h of feed at a temperature of 320 to 330°C and 2.2 MPa (22 atm), and produces approximately 300 m (2000 barrels) per day of Hquid hydrocarbon product with a catalyst circulation rate of over 6000 t/h (49). 

CORNING, Reactor Technologies (2009) Corning Advanced-Flow ... 

A careful analysis of the current portfolio of one major pharmaceutical company indicates that about 60% of the chemistry is suitable for continuous processing. About 50% of this chemistry is homogeneous and therefore readily transferable to existing continuous processing technology. The remaining 50% is heterogeneous and will therefore require implementation of some of the current advances in continuous flow equipment such as oscillatory flow reactors [13]. Technically, the transfer of these processes from batch to continuous could happen within... 

The arguments advanced in Sect. 3.2.3 apply equally well to a continuous stirred tank reactor. With a reversible exothermic reaction and a fixed mean residence time, t, there is an optimum temperature for operation of a continuous stirred tank reactor. Since the conditions in an ideal stirred tank are, by definition, uniform, there is no opportunity to employ a temperature gradient, as with the plug-flow reactor, to achieve an even better performance. 

Further support for the idea that cationic nucleophilic displacement occurs with inversion of configuration has been advanced by Hall et al. (1981). The study of reaction (55) in an electron-bombardment flow reactor at reagent pressures below 10 3torr, followed by neutral product analysis (Marinelli and Morton, 1978), reveals that these reactions also occur via backside attack. This is in disagreement with the original suggestion of Beauchamp et al. (1974) who proposed a frontside displacement in the case of t-butyl alcohol. 

There are four ideal reactors the batch reactor (real counterpart stirred tank reactor), semibatch reactor,1 continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and the plug flow tubular reactor (PFTR) (real counterpart tube reactor). For production applications, there are also numerous other reactors [7-9], An overview of typical and advanced laboratory reactors was given by Kapteijn and Moulijn [6],... 

Gas-solid and gas-solid-liquid flows are identified in Technology Vision 2020 The Chemical Industry as critical to developing advanced chemical reactors and separations. Solids handling is a critical technology for chemical manufacture. For companies such as DuPont and Dow Chemical Company, more than 50 percent of the products sold are in a solid/particulate form. This consortium was formed to develop technology to accurately model gas-solid transport in industrial applications. 

Kinetic steps are best identified by measuring the initial products formed from individual species (including postulated intermediates) or from simple mixtures. Isotopically labeled species have proved useful in such experiments. Initial products of homogeneous processes are observable in batch reactors at sufficiently short times or in flow reactors at points sufficiently near the inlet. The most advanced systems for initial product detection are molecular beam reactors (Herschbach 1976 Levine and Bernstein 1987) in which specific collisions are observed. Each of these techniques restricts the number of contributing reactions in a given experiment, so that their stoichiometry and rates can often be inferred. 

Generalized function mostly unit operations like continuous stirred tank reactor or plug flow reactor for react and distillation column or evaporator for separate" and also new combined operations assumptions are necessary due to lack of some data in advance calculations with linear mass- and energy balances short-cut methods ... 

Figure 1. The baseplate for the Broida oven metal flow reactor. This baseplate is attached to the bottom of a vacuum chamber (Fig. 2). (a) chemiluminescent flame (b) oxidant injection ring (c) tungsten wire heating basket (d) Ar carrier gas inlet (e) cooling water (f) oxidant gas inlet (g) electrical feeds for heating (h) alkaline earth metal (i) alumina crucible and (j) alumina heat shield. [Reprinted with permission from ref. 28. Copyright 1991 American Association for the Advancement of Science.]...

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