Advanced/emerging technologies

The small NBS program in chemical engineering should receive substantially greater funding to fulfill critical needs for evaluated data and predictive models. The committee supports NBS plans to focus on data needs in emerging technology areas such as biotechnology and advanced materials. 

Advancement in tire technology is expected to continue, to take advantage of emerging technologies, to meet further customer demands, and to accommodate new applications. Different tires will be introduced in the front and rear positions of automobiles as a result of the different loadings. Unsymmetrical tread designs will have different patterns on the outer and inner halves... 

Based on many of the advances described above in electrochemical approaches to immunoassay, it is tempting to conclude that commercialization of some of the approaches is imminent. This may be true, but the historical use of optical methods for many clinical chemistry tests coupled with their rapidly growing use in immunoassay is a difficult barrier for any radically different method to overcome, though electrochemical sensors have become more important in the clinical chemistry laboratory over the last decade. In any event, to be successful ECIA methods will have to demonstrate clear superiority over existing and emerging technologies in both cost and performance. Some of the more recently described approaches such as those using enzyme amplified amperometric detection and ecLIA appear... 

MATERIALS SCIENCE IS A CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY for America. In 1987 and again in 1990, the U.S. Department of Commerce included advanced materials such as ceramics, polymers, advanced composites, and superconductors in a short list (1) of very important emerging technologies. The world market based on these advanced materials was estimated conservatively at 600 million by the year 2000. 

H. P. Kasserra, Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities, [Proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materials], 4th, Cairo, Jan. 4-9, 1997, P. N. Prasad, Ed., Plenum, New York, (1998), p. 629 - 635. 

Since the first description was only two decades ago, combinatorial biosynthesis has advanced from a limited set of proof-of-principle experiments into a more mature scientific discipline. To reach the maximal potential of natural product structural diversity, the combination of this approach with other established and emerging technologies will ultimately provide access to a rich variety of unnatural natural products with improved properties or new biological activities for future drug discovery and development. 

Characteristics, technological advances, and future applications of inorganic membranes are discussed in depth. An overview of the origins of these membranes provides a basis for understanding emerging technologies in the field... 

Filter-based instruments are often limited to applications where there is simple chemistry, and where the analytes can be differentiated clearly from other species or components that are present. Today, we may consider snch analyzers more as sensors or even meters, and the analytical instrument community does typically not view them as trne instraments. Since the late 1980s a new focns on instrumentation has emerged based on the use of advanced measnrement technologies, and as such is considered to be more of the con-seqnence of an evolution from laboratory instruments. Some of the first work on full-spectrum analyzers started with an initial interest in NIR instruments. The natnre of the spectral information obtained in the NIR spectral region is snch that an analyzer capable of measnring multiple wavelengths or preferably a fnll spectrnm is normally reqnired. 

Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a rapidly emerging analytical separation technique, with several different instrumental formats and prepacked CEC capillary columns now available. P15-323 As an advanced nanoseparation technology, CEC represents an orthogonal hybrid of HPLC and HP-CZE. As a consequence, resolution can be achieved... 

Akelah, A. In Polymers and Other Advanced Materials. Emerging Technologies and Business Opportunities P.N. Prasad, J.E. Mark and F.J. Ting, Eds. Plenum New York, 1995 p 625. 

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