Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry

Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry has an advantage over graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in that the metal preconcentration is performed in situ, hence reducing analysis time and risk of contamination. Additional advantages are low cost of instrumentation and maintenance, and the possibility to use adapted instrumentation for online and shipboard monitoring. 

Platinum was determined in seawater by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry in a method described by Van den Berg and Jacinto [531]. The formazone complex is formed with formaldehyde, hydrazine, and sulfuric acid in the seawater sample. The complex is adsorbed for 20 minutes at -0.925 V on the hanging mercury drop electrode. The detection limit is 0.04 pM platinum. 

Yokoi, K., Yamaguchi, A., Mizumachi, M. and Koide, T. (1995) Direct determination of trace concentrations of lead in fresh water samples by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry of a lead-Calcein Blue complex. Anal. Chim. Acta, 316, 363-369. 

Gun, I., Salaun, P. and van den Berg, C. M. G. (2006), Advantages of using a mercury coated, micro-wire, electrode in adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal. Chim. Acta, 571(1) 86-92. 

Zimmermann, S., Messerschmidt, J., von Bohlen, A., Sures, B. Determination of platinum, palladium and rhodium in biological samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry as compared with adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. Anal. Chim. Acta 498, 93-104 (2003)... 

ZiMMERMANN S, MenZEL CM, BerNER Z, EcK-HARDT JD, STiiBEN D, Alt F, Messerschmidt j, Tarasghewski H and Sures B (2001) Trace analysis of platinum in biological samples a comparison between sector f eld ICP-MS and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry following different digestion procedures. Anal Chim Acta 439 203 -209. 

Competitive ligand equilibration/ adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE/CSV)... 

Khayamian, T., Ensafi, A.A., Benvidi, A. Extending the dynamic range of copper determination in differential pulse adsorption cathodic stripping voltammetry using wavelet neural network. Talanta 69, 1176-1181 (2006)... 

Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ACSV) is a very sensitive technique for the analysis of numerous trace metals ( 40), which cannot be determined using conventional electrolytic stripping procedures (i.e., ASV). ACSV makes use of a specific added ligand (AL), which is added to the water sample and forms an adsorptive complex with the trace metal(s) under investigation (reaction [IV]) ... 

Van den Berg CMG (1989) Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry of trace elements in sea water. The Analyst 114 1527-1530. 

Adeloju SB and Hadjichari AH (1999) Simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt in natural water and sediment samples on an in-situ plated mercury film electrode by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Analytical Science 15 95-100. 

Only two techniques allow the determination of cobalt at normal serum or plasma levels. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) [50-55] and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (ADCSV) of cobalt dimethylglyoxime complexes [38,40] were applicable, the latter being featured by a very low detection limit. 

C. M. G. van den Berg Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry of Trace Elements in V falerC Analyst 114 (1989) 1527. 

M), which is suitable for monitoring ultralow levels of trace metals in natural water. Other advantages include multielements measurement, trace element speciation and distribution, and continuous in situ detection. The sensors for two voltammetric stripping techniques are discussed below anodic stripping voltammetry (ASC) and adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV). 

Adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry is very sensitive for numerous trace metal analyses. Specific added ligand (AL) is needed to form an adsorptive complex (adsorbed on the working electrode) with the metal of interest, i.e., preconcentration step. Effective preconcentration with short adsorptive times results in fast and extremely sensitive measurement. Since the formation of the complex is pH-dependent, the pH of the solution is usually controlled by adding buffer solution. The adsorption potential applied is slightly more positive (ca. 0.1 V or more) than the reduction potential of the metal-AL complex. The reactions are shown in Eqs. 2 and 3 [56]. Then reverse voltammetric scan towards more... 

Vega M, van den Berg CMG (1997) Determination of cobalt in seawater by catalytic adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Anal Chem 69 874... 

Stripping voltammetry is widely used in flow approaches to determine trace levels of transition metal ions [20]. Anodic stripping voltammetry is the most exploited stripping technique for mono and multielemental determinations of metals [19,22,41,42]. Its cathodic variant and the adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry allow organic compounds and organometallics complexes determinations [41]. 

L.B.O. dos Santos, J.C. Masini, Square wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry automated by sequential injection analysis potentialities and limitations exemplified by the determination of methyl parathion in water samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 606 (2008) 209—216. 

J. A. Jurado-Gonzalez, M.D. Galindo-Riano, and M. Garda-Vargas. Expjerimental designs in the development of a new method for the sensitive determination of cadmium in seawater by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 487 229-241, 2003. 

Hajian, R. and Ensafi, A. (2009) Determination of aflatoxins B1 and B2 by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry in groimdnut. Food Chem., 115, 1034-1037. 

Sancho, D., Deban, L., Campos, I. et al. (2000) Determination of nickel and cobalt in refined beet sugar by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry without sample pretreatment. Food Chem., 71, 139-145. 

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