Competitive ligand equilibration

Rue E. L. and Bruland, K. W. (1995). Complexation of iron (111) by natural organic ligands in the Central North Pacific as determined by a new competitive ligand equilibration/adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetric method. Mar. Chem. 50,117-138. 

Donat and Bruland [804] studied the speciation of copper and nickel in seawater by competitive ligand equilibration-cathodic stripping voltammetry, differential pulse ASV, and graphite furnace AAS. 

Wu J, Luther GW III (1995) Complexation of Fe(ni) by natural organic ligands in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean by a competitive ligand equilibration method and a kinetic approach. Mar Chem 50 159-177 Wu J, Boyle E, Sunda W, Wen L-S (2001) Soluble and colloidal iron in the oligotrophic North Atlantic and North Pacific. Science 293 847-849 Zivin JA, Waud DR (1982) How to analyze binding, enzyme and uptake data the simplest case, a single phase. Life Sci 30 1407-1422... 

Wu J. and Luther G. W. (1995) Complexation of Fe(III) by natural organic ligands in the North west Atlantic Ocean by a competitive ligand equilibration method and a kinetic approach. Limnol. Oceanogr. 50, 177-1119. 

Competitive ligand equilibration/ adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE/CSV)... 

Miller and Bruland [558] have described an equilibration/solvent extraction method based on competition for silver between sample ligands and added... 

Transporters comprise carriers and receptors that are located in the plasma membrane of the endothelial cells of the BBB. Carriers are membrane-restricted systems suited to generally transport compounds with a rather fixed size and a molecular mass smaller than 500-600 Da (33). Most of these systems are ATP-driven and therefore possess at least one intracellular ATP-binding domain. Others are equilibrative systems and do not require ATP. The activity of these transporters is temperature sensitive and they can be saturated at higher concentrations of ligands. Their activity can be influenced by competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors and by interfering with their phosphorylation by protein kinases. 

ICR-FTMS experiments have been employed to derive thermodynamic information using several approaches ( ). These include studies of exothermic and endothermic ion-molecule reactions, equilibration studies, competitive collision-induced dissociation reactions, and photodissociation studies. Exothermic reactions involving therma-lyzed (cooled by an inert buffer gas) ions provide brackets on metal-ligand bond enthalpies, as illustrated by Equation 44 which implies that D(Fe-C5H4 ) > 66 kcal/mol. Endothermic reactions can also be studied in the manner described above for ion beam experi-... 

CSV involves the addition of a ligand of known thermodynamic properties to the solution, equilibration and the accumulation of an adsorbed metal complex on a mercury electrode and its reduction by a cathodic potential scan. CSV measures only the metal species that will react with the ligand, either at the electrode or in solution. The method has found application in ligand competition methods for speciation analysis as discussed below. 

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