Adriatic

The waters through which ships travel are categorized by their salt content. The following are approximate values seawater, 3.0 to 4.0% salt coastal brackish water, 1.0 to 3.0% river brackish water, 0.5 to 1.8% salty river water, 0.05 to 0.5% river water, <0.05%. Seawater mainly contains NaCl. The salt content is approximately 1.8 times the chloride ion content. The salt content of the world s oceans is almost the same. Different salt contents can occur in more enclosed seas [e.g., the Adriatic (3.9%), Red Sea (4.1%) and the Baltic (1.0%)]. Table 17-1 gives as an example average analyses for seawater and the Rhine River. 

Croci, L., Losio, M. N., Suffredini, E., Pavoni, E., Di Pasquale, S., Fallacara, F., and Arcangeli, G. (2007). Assessment of human enteric viruses in shellfish from the northern Adriatic sea. Int. ]. Food Microbiol. 114, 252-257. 

Serrazanetti GP, Conte LS, Carpene E, et al. 1991. Distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons in plankton of Adriatic sea open waters. Chemosphere 23 925-938. 

The average concentration and standard deviation of the Pacific Ocean waters ( xg/l) were 2.00 0.09 by neutron activation analysis, and 1.86 0.12 by atomic absorption spectrometry. For the Adriatic water the corresponding values were about 1.7 xg/l. The difference between the values for the same seawater is within the range to be expected from the standard deviations observed. 

INTEGRATED STUDIES Adriatic Sea mercury-contaminated area vs. reference site various seafood products of commerce edible portions ... 

As mentioned above, the origin of pyrethrum is the Dalmatian region of the former Yugoslavia on the Mediterranean coast of the Adriatic Sea, east of Italy. It is said that pyrethrum was discovered in 1694. While inhabitants of the pyrethrumgrowing region seem to have already known about the properties of this plant and to have utilized it in powder form for insecticide applications, its insecticidal activity was verified in around 1840. 

High contributions of these sources are also experienced in the Baltic, Aegean and Adriatic Seas. Relatively low contributions were obtained for the northern part of the North Sea and the southwestern part of the Mediterranean Sea. This is caused by remoteness of the main anthropogenic sources. However, it should be noted that depositions from anthropogenic sources to the Mediterranean Sea are most likely underestimated because the anthropogenic emission sources in northern Africa and the Middle East were not taken into account. 

In a later study by the same group, the carboxylated metabolites were also included in the analysis [4]. This time, water samples were taken in the Venice lagoon as well as in the Adriatic Sea and in a river reaching the estuary. 

Worldwide cultural eutrophication is most commonly seen in marginal seas and bays. In Europe, observations since the 1950s have documented increased cultural eutrophication in the North, Baltic, Adriatic, Irish, Mediterranean, Black, and Kattegat Seas. In the United States, cultural eutrophication hot spots include the Gulf of Mexico, Chesapeake Bay, Long Island Sound, Narragansett Bay, Florida Bay, and Tampa Bay. In most of these locales, cultural eutrophication has progressed such that hypoxia is now a seasonal or persistent feature. 

Not too much of a coincidence, I decided. Everyone in the city would know about Lucia s bmtal killing very shortly, if not already. But why should a dying patrician worry about a murdered prostitute The social gulf between them had been wider than the Adriatic Sea. 

Bettoso, N. and Dulcic, J. (1999). First record of the oilfish Ruvettus pretiosus (Pisces Gempylidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea. ]. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 79,1145-1146. 

Munda, I.M. (1987) Preliminary information on the ascorbic acid content in some Adriatic seaweeds. Hydrobiologia, 151/152, 477-81. 

Two analogues of yessotoxin, homoyessotoxin (217) and 45-hydroxyhomoyessotoxin (218) were isolated from the digestive glands of mussels from the Adriatic Sea. Their structures were determined by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry [223]. Adriatoxin (219), a further yessotoxin analogue, was isolated from the digestive glands of the mussel... 

Mytilus galloprovincialis from the Adriatic coast of Italy [224], 1-... 

A chlorosulfolipid (224) has been isolated from the hepatopancreas of mussels from the northern Adriatic Sea. The structural determination, including the absolute stereochemistry, was carried out by extensive NMR spectral analysis and through molecular mechanics and dynamics calculations [229]. 

Four unstable sulfate esters (373-376) of known furanosesterterpenes were obtained from Ircinia variabilis and from /. or os from the northern Adriatic Sea [328], The 22-O-sulfates of palinurin (377) and fasiculatin (378) were isolated from 7. variabilis and from /. fasiculata respectively. Both were toxic to brine shrimp [329]. Ircinianin sulfate (379) was isolated from /. (Psammocinia) wistarii from the Great Barrier Reef as a very unstable metabolite [330]. 

A heptaprenylhydroquinone derivative (402) was isolated from an Indian sample of Ircinia fasciculata [341]. Ircinia spinulosa from the Adriatic contained three sulfated 2-prenylhydroquinones (403-405) that are toxic to brine shrimp [342]. An Ircinia sp. from New Caledonia contained a sulfated 2-prenylhydroquinone (406) and a sulfated furanoterpene (407) [343]. An Australian Sarcotragus sp. contained octaprenylhydroquinone sulfate (408) and nonaprenylhydroquinone sulfate (409) as inhibitors of al,3 fucosyltransferase VH [344]. 

The saltpetre of commerce is derived principally from the East Indies, where, as also in Persia, Egypt, and Spain, it appears as an efflorescence on the surface of the soil. In some other countries, as the coast of the Adriatic, in Ceylon, North America, Africa, and Tene-riffe, it is found on the walls of natural caverns formed in limestone rocks, and which contain also felspar and magnesia. It is also found widely distributed in some parts of Hungary, but in no case extending to any great depth below the surface of the ground, nor even to such a depth as the air cannot penetrate. Its appearance on the surface of the ground is explained by its ready solubility in water, as when ite solution, in obedience to the law of capillary attraction, rises to the surface, the liquid is vaporized by the action of sun and air, and its place is immediately occupied by a fresh portion from below, which disappears in the same manner, until at last an incrustation of the salt is formed of considerable thickness, either in solid crystals, or as an effloresced mass. 

Lower iStyria ii if Owimtliia H Tstrla An Adriatic island ... 

Scientists have observed that marine snow can be a nuisance. Because in some cases gas may be produced, particles nse and create a scum, and dns can be dried by the sun to produce a surface of sufficient strength to permit seagulls to walk upon it. Such scum extends for many thousands of acres (hectares) in the Adriatic Sea. where it has become a menace to fishermen and the tourist trade. Such scums were reported as early as the 1700s. 

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