Adipic add

Gordon258 suggested orders 2 with respect to add and 1 with respect to alcohol for the reactions of adipic add with pentaerithrytol or with trimethylolpropane in bis(dioxa-3,6-heptyl ether) this reaction is followed by measuring the vapor pressure of the released water. 

On the other hand, Davies5 , studying the reaction of adipic add with 1,5-pentanediol in diphenyl oxide or diethylaniline found an order increasing slowly from two with conversion. From this result he concluded that Flory s1,252-254> and Hinshelwood s240,241 interpretations are erroneous. Two remarks must be made about the works of Davies5 experimental errors relative to titrations are rather high and kinetic laws are established for conversions below 50%. Under such conditions the accuracy of experimental determinations of orders is rather poor. 

Recently, Lin17 270 271 found a 3rd-order for the reaction of sucdnic and adipic adds with 1 -ethanediol in the presence of an excess of a diol. Surprisingly, he found orders 1 with respect to add and 2 with respect to alcohol. This was explained by the fact that acid... 

Butoxyethanol Poly(diethylene glycol adipate), [Add end group] = 2.52 meq g-1... 

Figure 23.3 Examples of monomers used in the polymerization of nylons a) caprolactam, b) adipic add and c) hexamethylene diamine...

Properties and handling. Adipic add doesn t physically fit the usual image of an acid. Its melting temperature is 306°F. At normal temperatures, it is a white, crystalline powder that can be transported in one-ton cartons and in drums and 50-pound bags. Adipic acid is only slightly soluble in water but dissolves in alcohol. The commercially traded grade is 99-5% pure. 

The ciystal habit of sucrose and adipic add crystals were calculated from their intern structure and from the attachment energies of the various crystal faces. As a first attempt to indude the role of the solvent on the crystal habit, the solvent accessible areas of the faces of sucrose and adipic add and were calculated for spherical solvent probes of difierent sizes. In the sucrose system the results show that this type of calculation can qualitatively account for differences in solvent (water) adsorption hence fast growing and slow growing faces. In the adipic add system results show the presence of solvent sized receptacles that might enhance solvent interadions on various fares. The quantitative use of this type of data in crystal shape calculations could prove to be a reasonable method for incorporation of solvent effeds on calculated crystal shapes. 

Figure 10-6 Reaction steps to make adipic add by autooxidation of cyclohexane. Adipic add is a key ingredient in Nylon.

Optically pure D- and L-glyceric adds were made by cleavage of vicinal diols or of a-hydroxy acids by RuCyaq. Na(C10) pH 8 (Fig. 4.6) [398], The system RuCyaq. Na(IOyCH3CN-CCl oxidised PhCMeCH(0H)CH20H to PhCMeCOOH [260], and RuCyaq. Na(ClO)/0°C converted 1,2-dihydroxycyclohexane to adipic add [35,256]. 

A Green Route to Adipic Add Direct Oxidation of Cyclohexenes with 30 Percent Hydrogen Peroxide... 

Figure 97 Carboxylate groups on proteins may be modified with adipic add dihydrazide in the presence of a carbodiimide to produce hydrazide derivatives.

In a x-1. distilling flask (Note i) fitted with a thermometer reaching within 5 mm. of the bottom, is placed an intimate mixture of 200 g. of powdered adipic acid (Note 2) and 10 g. of finely ground crystallized barium hydroxide. The mixture is gradually heated in a fusible alloy bath (Note 3) to 285-295° (Note 4) during about one and one-half hours, and maintained at that temperature until only a small amount of dry residue remains in the flask. This requires about two hours longer. The cyclopentanone distils slowly, accompanied by small quantities of adipic add. 

Maoufactnre of Bylon 6. Adipic add ad hexainetfayiae dianune 122 Mamifactiire of oylon-d. Caprolactam... 

A green route to adipic add direct oxidation of cyclohexenes with 30 percent hydrogen peroxide. Science, 281, 1646-1647. 

From a qualitative point of view, a minimum difference in ionization constants is to be expected, because even though a molecule contains two equivalent ionizable protons, once one proton has been lost, the second is retained more strongly by an energy amounting to e jOr (where e is the electronic charge, D is the dielectric constant, and r is the distance between the proton and the charge on the add anion). Thus, for oxalic acid, Ky is about 1000 21 for adipic add, Ky is only about SK2 (nearly the factor of 4). The titration curve of an add in which Ky = 415 2 can be shown to be-identical in every respect to the titration curve of a monobasic acid of one-half its molecular wdght and with dissodation constant Kyjl. 

Thomas JM, Raja R, Johnson BEG, O CormeU TJ, Sankar G, Khimyak T. (2003) BimetaUic nanocatalysts for the conversion of muconic acid to adipic add. Chem Commun 1126... 

In salting out the product from the distillate it is reported that potassium carbonate is more satisfactory thajn caldum chloride traces of adipic add are removed, and the loss which attends washing with alkali is avoided. 

Table 14 Adipic add. Dialkyl (C7-C9) ester are used as an illustrative example [131] for an environmentally friendly class of products (CAS No. 68515-75-3...

Succinic add Methyl-sucdnic acid Adipic add Pimelic add Suberic add... 

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