Adhesion of nanoparticles

Figure 24 There is only a probability of adhesion of nanoparticles even when decorated with specific ligands for endothelial receptors in flow conditions. This figure illustrates effects such as flocculation, chain formation and adsorption to erythrocytes (see text).

Figure 17.10. Strong adhesion of nanoparticles in (a) a compacted pellet, (b) a voluminous gel.

Hurst, K.M., Roberts, C. and Ashurst, W. (2009) A gas-expanded liquid nanoparticle deposition technique for reducing the adhesion of silicon microstructures. Nanotechnology, 20 (18), 185303. 

Yang, D.Q., B. Hennequin, and E. Sacher, XPS Demonstration ofn-n interaction between benzyl mercaptan and multiwalled carbon nanotubes and their use in the adhesion ofPt nanoparticles. Chemistry of Materials, 2006.18(21) p. 5033-5038. 

Wolf et al. introduced the self-assembly, transfer, and integration (S ATI) of nanoparticles with high placement accuracy.86 87 Silica and polymer nanoparticles were positioned on a PDMS stamp through convective assembly (Fig. 13.14). By controlling the printing temperature or by using a thin polymer layer as an adhesion layer, nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes were printed onto the target substrate. 

Nanoparticles, see Supported nanoparticles Nanophase ceramics adhesion of osteoblasts to ceramic surfaces, 152-153 bending properties, 158 enhancing osteoblast and osteoclast functions, 153-155... 

A substrate functionalized with proper molecules can be used to anchor particles on its surface via surface exchange reaction, leading to controlled assembly of the particles. This self-assembly technique is known as molecule-mediated self-assembly and is commonly used for constructing various composite nanostructures [49-55]. Due to their excellent adhesion capability to various substrates, multifunctional polymers are routinely applied as templates to mediate the assembly of the particles. The assembly is carried out as follows a substrate is immersed into a polymer solution, and then rinsed, leading to a functionalized substrate. Subsequently, this substrate is dipped into the nanoparticle dispersion and then rinsed, leaving one layer of nanoparticles on the substrate surface. By repeating this simple two-step process in a cyclic fashion, a layer-by-layer assembled poly-mer/nanoparticle multilayer can be obtained. 

Poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles The applications of poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles have been reviewed elsewhere and therefore only representative examples are described [102], Because of their adhesive properties, nanoparticles have the potential to prophylactically treat candidiasis of the oral cavity [121], Not surprisingly, poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles have been used to deliver drugs to tumors [122], Enhanced absorption and prolonged hypoglycemic effect were observed when insulin was delivered in poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles [121], Nuclear accumulation of antisense oligonucleotides into vascular smooth muscle cells was increased when delivered using poly(alkyl-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles [123]. Dextran-coated poly(alkyl-... 

Figure 22 A (not to scale) reminder that interaction forces leading to adhesion of particles to biological surfaces compete with particle flow, medium flow, and shear forces but, most importantly, it should be noted that attractive forces come into play at very small distances, that is, <10 nm. For those particles which adhere, there are shear forces which act to detach the nanoparticles, and there is the potential for particles to roll if they are spherical.

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