Adequate index

Calculations have been carried out to estimate the relative reactivities of the isomeric thienothiophenes in comparison with thiophene or naphthalene. The localization energy is expected to be the most adequate index of reactivity (76AHC(19)123). 

For most purposes thoroughness is necessary in good indexing. A given paper or abstract may be adequately indexed with a single subject entry, or a thousand entries may be required. A thousand entries would represent an extreme case. Chemical Abstracts has exceeded this number for a single abstract, but our average is approximately five subject entries per abstract. 

Naturally, manufacturers literature is valuable, particularly in descriptions of equipment. These bulletins and data sheets can be located only through constant scanning of the free literature columns and advertisements, and adequate indexing or classification of the literature once it is in the library. 

The literature of the essential oils is extensive and diffuse, but it is not difficult to search. The greater part of it has been adequately indexed in such abstract journals as... 

Despite the richness of the records, ice-core data alone can give only clues and not definitive answers concerning the mechanisms of the observed changes. This is because climate and atmospheric composition are multidimensional phenomena that cannot be adequately indexed by measurements from one or two regions. Changes in climate have distinctive spatial sig-... 

This theory is wrong on a number of counts (Senn, 1998a). First, the probability of failure does not constitute an adequate index of the downside risk of a project, for reasons discussed earlier. Suppose that the project is highly speculative because it is unlikely to pass toxicological investigation but not otherwise expected to be problematic. 

This volume deals with the thermodynamic vapor-11qu1d equilibrium of binary and multicomponent mixtures. The coverage of systems extends across the periodic chart. The mixtures are adequately Indexed and the reference to the primary literature given. The Information given on a typical system includes tables of equilibrium temperatures as a function of the mole fractions of the components at a given pressure with accompanying figures. 

General considerations For electrochemical experiments with hydrodynamic electrode systems the dimensionless Sherwood number, Sh, is the most adequate index. This number is related to the limiting current density, j, as... 

Although there is little doubt that nicotinic acid synthesis takes place in the rat, sheep, cow, and other animals, the simple measurement of nicotinic acid excretion does not seem to be an adequate index. From ail available evidence the only index of nicotinic acid deficiency appears to be the urinary F2 fraction of Najjar and Wood (82-86). This was confirmed by workers using the Fj assay (87, 88) and the so-called trigonelline fraction (89, 90) which is mainly, if not all, F2 (91, 92). The F2 fraction, a derivative of V -methylnicotinamide (80, 91, 93-95) was found to be excreted in substantial quantities in rats and pigs while on a nicotinic-acid-deficient diet, a fact which indicates synthesis of the vitamin. 

Elame-spread and smoke-density values, and the less often reported fuel-contributed semiquantitive results of the ASTM E84 test and the limited oxygen index (LOI) laboratory test, are more often used to compare fire performance of ceUular plastics. AH building codes requite that ceUular plastics be protected by inner or outer sheathings or be housed in systems aH with a specified minimum total fire resistance. Absolute incombustibHity cannot be attained in practice and often is not requited. The system approach to protecting the more combustible materials affords adequate safety in the buildings by aHowing the occupant sufficient time to evacuate before combustion of the protected ceUular plastic. 

The way of measuring capability is to carry out a capability study and calculate a capability index. There are two commonly used process capability indices, Cp and Cpk. In both cases, it is assumed the data is adequately represented by the Normal distribution (see Appendix I). 

The variability or spread of the data does not always take the form of the true Normal distribution of course. There can be skewness in the shape of the distribution curve, this means the distribution is not symmetrical, leading to the distribution appearing lopsided . However, the approach is adequate for distributions which are fairly symmetrical about the tolerance limits. But what about when the distribution mean is not symmetrical about the tolerance limits A second index, Cp, is used to accommodate this shift or drift in the process. It has been estimated that over a very large number of lots produced, the mean could expect to drift about 1.5cr (standard deviations) from the target value or the centre of the tolerance limits and is caused by some problem in the process, for example tooling settings have been altered or a new supplier for the material being processed. 

If there are specific data germane to the assumption of dose-additivity (e g., if two compounds arc present at the same site and it is known that the combination is five times more toxic than the sum of the toxicitics for the two compounds), then tire development of the hazard index should be modified accordingly. The reader can refer to the EPA (1986b) mi.xiure guidelines for discussion of a hazjird index equation that incorporates quantitative interaction data. If data on chemical interactions are available, but arc not adequate to support a quantitative assessment, note the information in the assumptions being documented for the risk assessment. 

Cetane number is measured in a single-cylinder laboratory engine, but cetane index (Cl) is more commonly used. Cetane index is a calculated value and correlates adequately with the cetane number. Most refiners use the ASTM equation (Method D-976-80) to calculate the cetane index. The equation uses the 50% boiling point and API gravity (Example 6-1). 

Since the corrosion resistance of anodic films on aluminium is markedly dependent on the efficacy of sealing (provided the film thickness is adequate for the service conditions), tests for sealing quality are frequently employed as an index of potential resistance to corrosion. While it is admitted that an unequivocal evaluation of corrosion behaviour can only be obtained by protracted field tests in service, accelerated corrosion tests under closely controlled conditions can also provide useful information in a shorter time within the limitations of the particular test environment employed. 

A Newtonian liquid of viscosity 0.1 N s/m2 is flowing through a pipe of 25 mm diameter and 20 m in lenglh, and the pressure drop is 105 N/m2. As a result of a process change a small quantity of polymer is added to the liquid and this causes the liquid to exhibit non-Newtonian characteristics its rheology is described adequately by the power-law model and the flow index is 0.33. The apparent viscosity of the modified fluid is equal to ihc viscosity of the original liquid at a shear rate of 1000 s L... 

The HcReynolds abroach, which was based on earlier theoretical considerations proposed by Rohrschneider, is formulated on the assumption that intermolecular forces are additive and their Individual contributions to retention can be evaluated from differences between the retention index values for a series of test solutes measured on the liquid phase to be characterized and squalane at a fixed temperature of 120 C. The test solutes. Table 2.12, were selected to express dominant Intermolecular interactions. HcReynolds suggested that ten solutes were needed for this purpose. This included the original five test solutes proposed by Rohrschneider or higher molecular weight homologs of those test solutes to improve the accuracy of the retention index measurements. The number of test solutes required to adequately characterize the solvent properties of a stationary phase has remained controversial but in conventional practice the first five solutes in Table 2.12, identified by symbols x through s have been the most widely used [6). It was further assumed that for each type of intermolecular interaction, the interaction energy is proportional to a value a, b, c, d, or e, etc., characteristic of each test solute and proportional to its susceptibility for a particular interaction, and to a value x, X, Z, U, s, etc., characteristic of the capacity of the liquid phase... 

Detection requirements in preparative-scale chromatography also differ from analytical erations where detectors are selected for their sensitivity. Sensitivity is not of overriding importance in preparative-scale chromatography the ability to accommodate large column flow rates and a wide linear response range are more useful. The sensitivity of the refractive index detector is usually quite adequate for prqtaratlve work but the ... 

The pragmatic beauty of the chemical fingerprint is that the more common features of two molecules that there are, the more common bits are set. The mathematic approach used to translate the fingerprint comparison data into a measure of similarity tunes the molecular comparison [5]. The Tanimoto similarity index works well when a relatively sparse fingerprint is used and when the molecules to be compared are broadly comparable in size and complexity [5]. If the nature of the molecules or the comparison desired is not adequately met by the Tanimoto index, multiple other indices are available to the researcher. For example, the Daylight software offers the user over ten similarity metrics, and the Pipeline Pilot as distributed offers at least three. Some of these metrics (e.g., Tversky, Cosine) offer better behavior if the query molecule is significantly smaller than the molecule compared to it. 

Dobutamine is a P-adrenergic inotropic agent that can be utilized for improvement of cardiac output and oxygen delivery. Doses of 2 to 20 mcg/kg per minute increase cardiac index however, heart rate increases significantly. Dobutamine should be considered in septic patients with adequate filling... 

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