Adenosine triphosphate, coupled structure

Adenosine triphosphate, coupled reactions and. 1128-1129 function of, 157, 1127-1128 reaction with glucose, 1129 structure of, 157, 1044 S-Adenosylmethionine, from methionine, 669 function of, 382-383 stereochemistry of, 315 structure of, 1045 Adipic acid, structure of, 753 ADP, sec Adenosine diphosphate Adrenaline, biosynthesis of, 382-383 molecular model of, 323 slructure of, 24... 

Nucleosides are also encountered in the structures of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and coenzyme A (HSCoA). ATP provides nature with its currency unit for energy. Hydrolysis of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) liberates energy, which can be coupled to energy-requiring processes in biochemistry, and synthesis of ATP from ADP can be coupled to energy-releasing processes (see Box 7.25). 

Subtypes of adenosine receptors exist - A, Aj and A3 -which have differential sensitivities to adenosine nucleoside analogues, including 2-methylthio-AMP, 2-thioadenosine, DPMA. IB-MECA, NECA, CPA. CCPA and DPCPX. These receptors, and subtypes within A2, have all been cloned. They have structures typical of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled superfamily of receptors, but have amongst the shortest sequences known (A3 has only 318 amino acids), and a lack of sequence similarity with any other receptors appears to put them in a class of their own. Adenosine receptors are not sensitive to nucleotides such as ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which instead act as P2 receptor agonists that are nucleotide-... 

Give the structure of adenosine triphosphate. Describe the role of ATP as the major energy-coupling agent (energy currency) in metabolism. 

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis regulation, myosin motor closed postrigor state, structural changes, 39-40 X-ray structures, active site residues and water molecules, 37-38 Allosteric coupling, myosin motor... 

Pumps are proteins that can transport ions against electrochemical potential gradients using adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source. Sodium-potassium pumps maintain intracellular sodium and potassium concentrations in animal cells and also control salt and water absorption by the epithelial cells in the intestine and kidney. The sodium-potassium pump transports three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell at the cost of one molecule of ATP. The 3 2 coupling ratio results in net loss of sodium ions into the cell down an electrochemical gradient and maintains cell volume. Currently, considerable research is attempting to elucidate the structures of the various isoforms and subunits of sodium potassium pumps. 

---