Adenosine diphosphate triphosphate

Other important 5 nucleotides of adenosine include adenosine 5 diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine 5 triphosphate (ATP)... 

A good example of an affinity label for creatine kinase has been presented (35). This enzyme catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from adenosine triphosphate [56-65-5] (17) to creatine [57-00-1] (18), leading to adenosine diphosphate [7584-99-8] (19) and phosphocreatine [67-07-2]... 

ATP Adenosine triphosphate. Chemical energy generated by substrate oxidations is conserved by formation of high-energy compounds such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or compounds containing the thioester bond. 

The structure and formation of ATP. (A) The chemical structure of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). "C" indicates carbon, "N" nitrogen, "O" oxygen, "H" hydrogen and "P" phosphorus. Note the negative charges on the phosphate groups (PO3 ). (B) ATP can be formed from adenosine diphosphate (ADP). 

Ill these simultaneous reactions, die energy released when the complex molecule AB is broken down is immediately used to build a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and an inorganic phosphate (P,). ATP is a high energy compound. It is called the energy currency of the body because once it is formed, it provides energy that the body can spend later to drive vital reactions in cells (Figure 1). 

Figure 29.1 An overview of catabolic pathways for the degradation of food and the production of biochemical energy. The ultimate products of food catabolism are C02 and H2O, with the energy released in the citric acid cycle used to drive the endergonic synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) plus phosphate ion, HOPO32-.

Adenosine triphosphate, coupled reactions and. 1128-1129 function of, 157, 1127-1128 reaction with glucose, 1129 structure of, 157, 1044 S-Adenosylmethionine, from methionine, 669 function of, 382-383 stereochemistry of, 315 structure of, 1045 Adipic acid, structure of, 753 ADP, sec Adenosine diphosphate Adrenaline, biosynthesis of, 382-383 molecular model of, 323 slructure of, 24... 

ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate) are complex organic molecules (Fig. 17.9) that, in essence, differ only hy the presence of an extra phosphate group in ATP. In the coupled reaction with glucose, about 38 mol of ATP are synthesized for every mole of glucose consumed. This gives an overall free energy change for the coupled reaction of... 

The cleavage of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and H3PO4 may be written as follows ... 

Fig. 33. Stepwise preparative desorption chromatography of phosphoric esters of adenosine on CS-AV-17 cellosorbent 1) adenine, 2) adenosine, 3) adenosine monophosphate, 4) adenosine diphosphate, 5) adenosine triphosphate...

The relative strengths of bonds are important for understanding the way that energy is used in bodies to power our brains and muscles. For instance, adenosine triphosphate, ATP (35), is found in ever)- living cell. The triphosphate part of this molecule is a chain of three phosphate groups. One of the phosphate groups is removed in a reaction with water. The P O bond in ATP requires only 276 kjmol-1 to break and the new P—O bond formed in H2P04 releases 350 kj-mol-1 when it forms. As a result, the conversion of ATP to adenosine diphosphate, ADP, in the reaction... 

The triphosphate part of this molecule is a chain of three phosphate groups. Its conversion into adenosine diphosphate, ADP, in the reaction... 

Phosphate condensation reactions play an essential role in metabolism. Recall from Section 14.6 that the conversion of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) requires an input of free energy ADP -I-H3 PO4 ATP +H2O AG° — +30.6kJ As also described in that section, ATP serves as a major biochemical energy source, releasing energy in the reverse, hydrolysis, reaction. The ease of interchanging O—H and O—P bonds probably accounts for the fact that nature chose a phosphate condensation/hydrolysis reaction for energy storage and transport. 

A remarkable feature of the bioenergetic oxidation reactions of nutrients in cells is the fact that they are always coupled to another reaction, that of synthesis of the energy-rich chemical substance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and phosphate (oxidative phosphorylation Engelgardt and Ljubimova, 1939) ... 

Figure 12 Gradient separation of bases, nucleosides and nucleoside mono- and polyphosphates. Column 0.6 x 45 cm. Aminex A-14 (20 3 p) in the chloride form. Eluent 0.1 M 2-methyl-2-amino-l-propanol delivered in a gradient from pH 9.9-100 mM NaCl to pH 10.0-400 mM NaCl. Flow rate 100 ml/hr. Temperature 55°C. Detection UV at 254 nm. Abbreviations (Cyt) cytosine, (Cyd) cytidine, (Ado) adenosine, (Urd) uridine, (Thyd) thymidine, (Ura) uracil, (CMP) cytidine monophosphate, (Gua) guanine, (Guo) guanosine, (Xan) xanthine, (Hyp) hypoxanthine, (Ino) inosine, (Ade) adenosine, (UMP) uridine monophosphate, (CDP) cytidine diphosphate, (AMP) adenosine monophosphate, (GMP) guanosine monophosphate, (IMP) inosine monophosphate, (CTP) cytidine triphosphate, (ADP) adenosine diphosphate, (UDP) uridine monophosphate, (GDP) guanosine diphosphate, (UTP) uridine triphosphate, (ATP) adenosine triphosphate, (GTP), guanosine triphosphate. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier Science from Floridi, A., Palmerini, C. A., and Fini, C., /. Chromatogr., 138, 203, 1977.)...

A ngstrom unit (ICE10 m) adenosine diphosphate N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine a-aminoisobutyric acid residues adenosine monophosphate amidotriphosphate adenosine triphosphate... 

ADCC ADP AM ara-C ATP BAPTA antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity adenosine diphosphate acetoxymethyl ester cytosine arabinoside adenosine triphosphate bis- (o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N, N -tetraacetic acid... 

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