Adenosine diphosphate , signal

Kannan MS Modulation of calcium signaling by interleukin-13 in human airway smooth muscle role of CD38/cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol 9 Biol 2004 31 36-42. 

TxAj, the major product of COX-1 in platelets, induces platelet aggregation. Perhaps more importantly, TxA acts as an amplification signal for other, more potent platelet agonists such as thrombin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The actions of TxA on platelets are restrained by PGIj, which inhibits platelet aggregation by aU recognized agonists. 

One important area of medical research Is based on the observation of signals from Compounds that contain phosphorus as phosphate esters (Section 11.10) such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), are involved in most metabolic processes. Using techniques based on NMR, researchers now have a non-invasive way to follow cellular metabolism. 

In vivo 3iP NMR and P magnetic resonance imaging are also important applications of this nucleus. 3ip signals from inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, creatine phosphate, and sugar phosphates can be observed in whole-cell preparations, intact tissues, and whole bodies and can provide information on the viability of the cells and tumour localization. Low sensitivity continues to be a problem in widespread application of these techniques. Additional details can be found in several of the entries in the Eurther reading section. 

Sulfation in most aspects is very similar to phosphorylation, except that sulfation is not involved in intracellular signal transduction, but in other forms of signaling. The mechanism of sulfation is similar to that of phosphorylation as a general base from the enzyme active site that deprotonates the hydroxyl groups of tyrosine residues. The nucleophilic oxygen then attacks the /3-position, in contrast to the 7-position in phosphorylation, and releases adenosine 3, 5 -diphosphate. 

In spite of their biological and agricultural importance, only in the last decade the basic molecular mechanism of their biosynthesis and signal transduction have been elucidated. The first step in the isoprenoid CK biosynthesis is the M-prenylation of adenosine-5 -phosphate (AMP, ADP, or ATP) with DMAPP or hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate (HMBDP) catalyzed by adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase (IPT). Plant IPTs preferentially utilize ATP or ADP as the isoprenoid acceptors to form isopentenyl riboside 5 -triphosphate (iPRTP) and... 

Adenosine is an endogenous modulator of intercellular signaling that provides homeostatic reduction in cell excitability during tissue stress and trauma. The adenine nucleoside phosphates adenosine 5 -monophosphate (AMP), adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP), which are... 

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