Adenosine diphosphate monophosphate

Fig. 33. Stepwise preparative desorption chromatography of phosphoric esters of adenosine on CS-AV-17 cellosorbent 1) adenine, 2) adenosine, 3) adenosine monophosphate, 4) adenosine diphosphate, 5) adenosine triphosphate...

Figure 12 Gradient separation of bases, nucleosides and nucleoside mono- and polyphosphates. Column 0.6 x 45 cm. Aminex A-14 (20 3 p) in the chloride form. Eluent 0.1 M 2-methyl-2-amino-l-propanol delivered in a gradient from pH 9.9-100 mM NaCl to pH 10.0-400 mM NaCl. Flow rate 100 ml/hr. Temperature 55°C. Detection UV at 254 nm. Abbreviations (Cyt) cytosine, (Cyd) cytidine, (Ado) adenosine, (Urd) uridine, (Thyd) thymidine, (Ura) uracil, (CMP) cytidine monophosphate, (Gua) guanine, (Guo) guanosine, (Xan) xanthine, (Hyp) hypoxanthine, (Ino) inosine, (Ade) adenosine, (UMP) uridine monophosphate, (CDP) cytidine diphosphate, (AMP) adenosine monophosphate, (GMP) guanosine monophosphate, (IMP) inosine monophosphate, (CTP) cytidine triphosphate, (ADP) adenosine diphosphate, (UDP) uridine monophosphate, (GDP) guanosine diphosphate, (UTP) uridine triphosphate, (ATP) adenosine triphosphate, (GTP), guanosine triphosphate. (Reproduced with permission of Elsevier Science from Floridi, A., Palmerini, C. A., and Fini, C., /. Chromatogr., 138, 203, 1977.)...

A ngstrom unit (ICE10 m) adenosine diphosphate N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycine a-aminoisobutyric acid residues adenosine monophosphate amidotriphosphate adenosine triphosphate... 

Vinyl alcohol copolymer gel is hydrophilic and has been developed for aqueous-phase size-exclusion liquid chromatography however, it is less polar than the polysaccharides. Its specificity permits the direct injection of a biological sample without deproteinization. For example, blood serum from a patient suffering from chronic nephritis has been injected directly as a measure of the degree of dialysis (Figure 3.17). Adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine monophosphate in red blood cells have also been separated directly (Figure 3.18). Theophylline in blood serum has been... 

Figure 3.18 Adenosine phosphates in blood on vinyl polymer column. Conditions column, Asahipak GS320 (vinyl alcohol copolymer gel), 50 cm x 7.6 mm i.d. eluent, 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer containing 3 M sodium chloride pH 7.0 flow rate, 1.0 ml min-, detection, UV 260 nm. Peaks 1, haemoglobin 2, adenosine triphosphate 3, adenosine diphosphate and 4, adenosine monophosphate.

Adenine Adenosine Adenylic acid Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)... 

Fig. 14.1 Cellular pathway of methotrexate. ABCBl, ABCCl-4, ABC transporters ADA, adenosine deaminase ADP, adenosine diphosphate AICAR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide AMP, adenosine monophosphate ATIC, AICAR transformylase ATP, adenosine triphosphate SjlO-CH -THF, 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate 5-CHj-THF, 5-methyl tetrahydro-folate DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase dTMP, deoxythymidine monophosphate dUMP, deoxy-uridine monophosphate FAICAR, 10-formyl AICAR FH, dihydrofolate FPGS, folylpolyglutamyl synthase GGH, y-glutamyl hydrolase IMP, inosine monophosphate MTHFR, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase MTR, methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase MTX-PG, methotrexate polyglutamate RFCl, reduced folate carrier 1 TYMS, thymidylate synthase. Italicized genes have been targets of pharmacogenetic analyses in studies published so far. (Reproduced from ref. 73 by permission of John Wiley and Sons Inc.)...

In the preceding sections the conversion of purines and purine nucleosides to purine nucleoside monophosphates has been discussed. The monophosphates of adenosine and guanosine must be converted to their di- and triphosphates for polymerization to RNA, for reduction to 2 -deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates, and for the many other reactions in which they take part. Adenosine triphosphate is produced by oxidative phosphorylation and by transfer of phosphate from 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and phosphopyruvate to adenosine diphosphate. A series of transphosphorylations distributes phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to all of the other nucleotides. Two classes of enzymes, termed nucleoside mono-phosphokinases and nucleoside diphosphokinases, catalyse the formation of the nucleoside di- and triphosphates by the transfer of the terminal phosphoryl group from adenosine triphosphate. Muscle adenylate kinase (myokinase)... 

This enzyme [EC 2.5.1.27], also called 2-isopentenyl-diphosphate AMP A -isopentenyltransferase and cyto-kinin synthase, catalyzes the reaction of AMP with A -isopentenyl diphosphate to yield pyrophosphate and A -(A -isopentenyl)adenosine 5 -monophosphate. 

Figure 1. Nucleotide degradation pathway (ATP=adenosine-5 -triphosphate, ADP=adenosine-5 -diphosphate, AMP=adenosine-5 -monophosphate, IMP=inosine-5 -monophosphate).

Of central importance to the energy metabolism of all cells is the adenylate system which consists of adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5-diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine 5 -monophosphate (AMP) together with inorganic phosphate (P ), pyrophosphate (PP ), and magnesium ions. Remember that P refers to the mixture of ionic forms of phosphoric acid present under experimental conditions. Between pH 4 and pH 10 this will be mainly LLPO,... 

Adenosine 5 -phosphate. See AMP Adenosine diphosphate. See ADP Adenosine monophosphate. See AMP Adenosine triphosphate. See ATP Adenosine-diphosphate-ribose. See ADP-ribose... 

ADENOSINE PHOSPHATES. The adenosine phosphates include adenylic acid (adenosine monophosphate, AMP) in which adenosine is esteri-fied with phosphoric add at the 5/-position adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in which esterification at the same position is with pyrophosphoric acid,... 

The substance that is the immediate source of energy for many biological reactions is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Although this is a rather large and complex molecule, the business end for the purpose of this discussion is the triphosphate group. Hydrolysis of this group can occur to give adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), or adenosine itself ... 

FIGURE 52.5 The actions of glipizide. ATP = adenosine triphosphate ADP = adenosine diphosphate cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate. 

Mechanisms of action of dipyridamole. Abbreviations ADR adenosine diphosphate AMP, adenosine monophosphate cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate cGMR guanosine cyclic monophosphate NO, nitric oxide. 

The ATP molecule contains pyrophosphate linkages (bonds formed when two phosphate units are combined together) that release energy when needed. ATP can be hydrolyzed in two ways the removal of terminal phosphate to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate, or the removal of a terminal diphosphate to yield adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate. The latter is usually cleaved further to yield two phosphates. This results in biosynthesis reactions, which do not occur alone, that can be driven in the direction of synthesis when the phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. 

Acetyl-CoA ADP Ala AMP ATP BHK CC9C10 CHO CHSE CMP-NANA CoQ CoQH2 DNA acetyl-coenzyme A adenosine diphosphate alanine adenosine monophosphate adenosine triphosphate baby hamster kidney cell line hybridoma cell line Chinese hamster ovary cell line Chinook salmon embryo cell line cytosine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid coenzyme Q dihydroubiquinone deoxyribonucleic acid... 

ADP adenosine diphosphate, ANP atrial natriuretic peptide, AP5DTPT(5 -adenosyl)P5-(5 -thymidyl)pentaphosphate, ATP adenosine triphosphate, AZTMP 3 -azido-3 -deoxythymidine monophosphate, dGMP deoxyguanosine monophosphate, P 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-l-piperazine ethanesulfonic acid, HMD hymenialdisine, TMP thymidine monophosphate... 

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