Additives sugars

The protein-bound oligosaccharide is then partially processed by glucosidases and mannosidases if no additional sugars are added, this results in a high-mannose chain. 

A wide range of additives can also be introduced into the sol-gel matrices in order to modulate the hydrophobicity of the materials and to improve enzyme stability, activity and accessibility, leading to hybrid or even composite sol-gel matrices. Polymers [157,179,180] such as polyethyleneglycol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylalcohol, polyglycidol, polyethyleneimine, polyacrylate have been simultaneously entrapped with enzymes in a siloxane matrix, as well as organic additives (sugar, amino add)... 

Carbohydrate-remodelled EPO EPO displaying additional sugar side chains, increasing its plasma half-life and thereby facilitating a once-weekly as opposed to three-times weekly injection schedule 10... 

In the aqueous-alcoholic distillate having a volume of about 200 c.c. about 70 c.c. or 56 g. of alcohol will be found. The yield of alcohol approaches the theoretical value and should amount to about 20 per cent more than would be calculated from the maltose determination just carried out, since the latter does not, of course, take into account the additional sugar produced during the fermentation by diastatic after effect . 

In addition, sugars can be used as starting materials for the synthesis of substituted imidazoles, for example, 4(5)-(hydroxymethyl)-imidazole (27) from D-fructose.45... 

The following reagents and techniques can be used to transform directly car-boxylates or sulfhydryl groups into reactive amine functional groups. In addition, sugars, polysaccharides, or carbohydrate-containing macromolecules may be modified to contain amines after mild periodate activation to form aldehyde groups. 

Osmotic components usually are ionic compounds consisting of either inorganic salts or hydrophilic polymers. Osmotic agents can be any salt such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or sulfates of sodium or potassium and lithium. Additionally, sugars such as glucose, sorbitol, or sucrose or inorganic salts of carbohydrates can act as osmotic agents.18... 

The conjugate system of the C-2 nitroalkenes should posses some interesting chemical reactivity and it should be an excellent Michael reaction acceptor with reactive nucleophiles. Moreover, the steric effect of the bulky 1,6-anhydro ring should be similar to that of levoglucosenone. As a consequence, nitroalkenes are excellent precursors for the stereoselective introduction of an additional sugar moiety at C-2 with subsequent additional functional group such as nitromethylene or its reduced/acetylated analog. Moreover, this unsaturated C-2 functionality additionally fixes the conformation of the system and most importantly sterically hinders the P-D-face of both enone molecules. 

Fig. 1.3 (continued) the 2 -positon but no phosphate. Additional sugars were also found connecting to the backbone of lipid A in F. tularensis (B), S. typhimuriu (C) and R. etli (D). The carbon position and the carbon number of fatty acid chains in lipid A are labeled... 

Molasses, defined as the residual mother liquor from which little or no additional sugar can be recovered economically, is a byproduct... 

Figure 2.8 Covalent immobilization can be achieved by linking either amino or acid groups of the enzyme with epoxides, amines, or aldehyde groups on the carrier, in addition, sugar residues can be coupled to the carrier.

---