Addictive alcohol

Carlsson C, Fasth BG A comparison of the effects of propranolol and diazepam in alcoholics. Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs 71 321-326, 1976... 

Klein E, Uhde TW, Post RM Preliminary evidence for the utility of carbamazepine in alprazolam withdrawal. Am J Psychiatry 143 235—236, 1986 Kouyanou K, Pither CE, Wessely S Medication misuse, abuse and dependence in chronic pain patients. J Psychosom Res 43 497-304, 1997 Kryspin-Exner K [Misuse of bezodiazepine derivatives in alcoholics] (German). Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs 61 283-290, 1966 Kryspin-Exner K, Demel 1 The use of tranquilizers in the treatment of mixed drug abuse. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm 12 13-18, 1973... 

Brebner K., Childress A.R., Roberts D.C. A potential role for GABA(B) agonists in the treatment of psychostimulant addiction. Alcohol Alcohol. 37 478, 2002. 

MRS research is increasingly used to indicate the regions of brain affected in addiction/alcoholism 943 MRS can provide a snapshot into the metabolic processes of brain tumors 944... 

Monitoring Perform baseline and follow-up LFTs (10 to 14 days) to detect hepatic dysfunction resulting from therapy. Perform a CBC and serum chemistries. Dependence and addiction Alcoholism may accompany or be followed by dependence on narcotics or sedatives. Barbiturates have been coadministered with disulfiram without untoward effects, but consider the possibility of initiating a new abuse. 

Drugs of habituation or addiction Alcohol Methadone Heroin Tobacco... 

Alcohol abuse and addiction (alcoholism) in America affects 5% to 10% of the population. The consumption of alcohol has become a status symbol among the business class, students, and high society. People always look for an occasion to celebrate with drinks and ultimately may become the victims of alcohol addiction.10-15... 

Vuori E, Henry JA, Ojanpera I, Nieminen R, Savolainen T, Wahlsten P, Jantti M. Death following ingestion of MDMA (ecstasy) and moclobemide. Addiction. Soc Study Addiction Alcohol Other Drugs 2003 98 365-8. 

Haile CN, Kosten TA, Kosten TR (2008) Pharmacogenetic treatments for drug addiction alcohol and opiates. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 34 355-381... 

Kreek MJ, Nielsen DA, LaForge KS (2004) Genes associated with addiction alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. Neuromolecular Med 5 85-108... 

One source (see Suggested Reading, Phelps and Nourse, p. 123) estimates the success of treatment for one kind of substance addiction, alcoholism, as follows "The plain fact is that no single approach to treatment works all the time. Although dependable statistics don t exist, there is ample internal evidence to indicate that all approaches yield relatively low-percentage permanent results, less than 50 percent."... 

ETHANOL Experimentation with ethanol is almost universal, and a high proportion of users find the experience pleasant. More than 90% of American adults report experience with ethanol, and 70% report some level of current use. The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse and alcohol addiction (alcoholism) in the U.S. is 5-10% for men and 3-5% for women. Ethanol is classed as a depressant because it indeed produces sedation and sleep. However, the initial effects of alcohol, particularly at lower doses, often are perceived as stimulation owing to a suppression of inhibitory systems see Chapter 22). 

A 33-year-old man with a history of heroin addiction, alcohol abuse, and hepatitis C infection, developed hepatic and renal failure after switching from methadone to buprenorphine 20 mg/day. Investigations excluded the possibility of hepatitis reactivation. 

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