Addiction and Treatment

Rather similar to this last point, the literature from the USA on buprenorphine sometimes reads as if this is a treatment for a different population to those who receive methadone. There are many references to the new heroin addicts , middle-class addicts and treatment in office practice for those who would not go to methadone clinics (e.g. Mitka 2003), with again sometimes less secure dispensing arrangements being required with buprenorphine. 

Abuse, Addiction, and Treatment Drug Abuse and Addiction Treatment Programs and Methods Drug Abuse Education... 

Di Prieto N, Placanica G, Fiorini I, Manera C, Oriando C, Palombo F, Saccomamii G, Salotti V, Macchia M (2006) Use of capillaiy electrophOTesis and poly(ethylene oxide) as the coating agent for the determination of substances related to heroin addiction and treatment. J Anal Toxicol 30(9) 679-682... 

Treatment of drug addicts can be sqDarated into two phases detoxification and relapse prevention. Detoxification programs and treatment of physical withdrawal symptoms, respectively, is clinically routine for most drugs of abuse. However, pharmacological intervention programs for relapse prevention are still not veiy efficient. 

Amphetamines may be used in the short-term treatment of exogenous obesity (obesity caused by a persistent calorie intake that is greater than needed by the body). However, their use in treating exogenous obesity has declined because the long-term use of the amphetamines for obesity carries the potential for addiction and abuse... 

It is anticipated that buprenorphine will be an acceptable treatment for younger addicts and for individuals with smaller habits and shorter histories of dependence, thus permitting earlier intervention in the course of the addiction. Clinical experience suggests that buprenorphine is less effective for individuals with larger opioid habits. Methadone or LAAM remains the preferred medication for those patients. 

Kosten TR, Rounsaville BJ, Kleber HD A 2.3-year follow-up of depression, life crises, and treatment effects on abstinence among opioid addicts. Arch Gen Psychiatry 43 733-738, 1986a... 

Wikler A Opioid Dependence Mechanisms and Treatment. New York, Plenum, 1980 Williams JT, Christie MJ, Manzoni O Cellular and synaptic adaptations mediating opioid dependence. Physiol Rev 81 299—343, 2001 Woody GE, O Brien CR, Rickels K Depression and anxiety in heroin addicts a placebo-controlled study of doxepin in combination with methadone. Am J Psychiatry 132 447--i50, 1975... 

Ibrahim RB, Wilson JG, Thorsby ME, et al Effect of buprenorphine on CYP3Aactivity in rat and human liver microsomes. Life Sci 66 1293—1298, 2000 Iguchi MY, Handelsman L, Bickel WK, et al Benzodiazepine and sedative use/abuse by methadone maintenance clients. Drug Alcohol Depend 32 257—266, 1993 Isbell H Manifestations and treatment of addiction to narcotic drugs and barbiturates. Med Clin North Am 34 423 38, 1950... 

Williams H, Oyefeso A, Ghodse AH Benzodiazepine misuse and dependence among opiate addicts in treatment. It J Psychol Med 13 62-64, 1996 Wiseman SM, Spencer-Peet J Prescribing for alcoholics a survey of drugs taken prior to admission to an alcoholism unit. Practitioner 229 88—89, 1985 Wolf B, Grohmann R, Biber D, et al Benzodiazepine abuse and dependence in psychiatric inpatients. Pharmacopsychiatry 22 54—60, 1989 Wood MR, Kim JJ, Han W, et al Benzodiazepines as potent and selective bradykinin B1 antagonists. J Med Chem 46 1803—1806, 2003 Zawertailo LA, Busto UE, Kaplan HL, et al Comparative abuse liability and pharmacological effects of meprobamate, triazolam, and butabarbital. J Clin Psycho-pharmacol 23 269-280, 2003... 

Meredith TJ, Ruprah M, Liddle A, et al Diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning with volatile substances. Hum Toxicol 8 277-286, 1989 Merry J, Zachariadis N Addiction to glue sniffing. Br Med J 5317 1448, 1962 Mihic SJ Acute effects of ethanol on GABAA and glycine receptor function. Neuro-chemint 35 115-123, 1999... 

---