Acute metal

In most cases, the capacity of chelating agents to prevent or reduce the adverse effects of toxic metals appears to be greatest when they are administered very soon after an acute metal exposure. Use of chelating agents days to weeks after an acute metal exposure ends—or their use in the treatment of chronic metal intoxication—may still be associated with increased metal excretion. However, at that point, the capacity of such enhanced excretion to mitigate the pathologic effect of the metal exposure may be reduced. 

Guilhermino, L., Diamantino, T.C., Ribeiro, R., Gonfalves, F. and Soares, A.M. (1997) Suitability of test media containing EDTA for the evaluation of acute metal toxicity to Daphnia magna Straus, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 38 (3), 292-295. 

Williams MW, Hoeschele JD, Turner JE, et al. 1982. Chemical softness and acute metal toxicity in mice and Drosophila. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 63 461-469. 

The toxic effects of the mineral elements are extremely element- and species-specific (Hapke 1991). The symptoms of acute poisoning (Geldmacher von Mallinckrodt 1991a) and chronic toxicity of inorganic elements can be completely different (Ewers and Schlipkoter 1991). The most common symptoms of acute metal poisoning include the following ... 

Geldmachee VON Mallinckeodt M (1991a) Acute Metal Toxicity in Humans. In Merian E, ed. Metals and Their Compounds in the Environment. VCH, Weinheim-New York-Basel-Cam-bridge, pp. 585-590. 

Despite fluid boundaries between subtoxic and toxic doses, acute intoxications resulting from a single high-dose intake show striking symptoms that develop suddenly. If the poison cannot be removed or inactivated quickly, irreversible organ and systemic changes that can be fatal may occur. The most common symptoms of acute metal poisoning can be classified as follows [71] ... 

Jones, M.M., and W.K. Vaughn. 1978. HSAB theory and acute metal ion toxicity and detoxification processes. J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 40 2081-2088. 

Source Data from M.W. Williams, D. Hoeschele, J.E. Turner, K.B. Jacobson, N.T. Christie, C.L. Paton, L.H. Smith, H.R. Witschi, and E.H. Lee, Chemical Softness and Acute Metal Toxicity in Mice and Drosophila. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 63 (1982) 461-469 and J.E. Turner, E.H. Lee, K.B. Jacobson, N.T. Christie, M.W. Williams, and J.D. Hoeschele, Investigation of Correlations between Chemical Parameters of Metal Ions and Acute Toxicity in Mice and Drosophila. ScL Total... 

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