Active packages

Rooney M.L., Active packaging in polymer films. In M.L Rooney (Ed.) Active food packaging, London Chapman and Hall, 1995 74-110. 

Ayala-Zavala JF, del-Toro-Sanchez L, Alvarez-Parrilla E, Soto-Valdez H, Martin-Belloso O, Ruiz-Cruz S and Gonzalez-Aguilar GA. 2008b. Natural antimicrobial agents incorporated in active packaging to preserve the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables. Stewart Postharvest Rev 4 1—9. 

In nerve terminals, glutamate is actively packaged into synaptic vesicles before its release by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. Glutamate transport into synaptic vesicles depends on the proton electrochemical gradient uptake system and is facilitated by... 

Feigenbaum, A., Lebosse, R., and Ducruet, V. (1998). Polypropylene as active packaging material for aroma sorption from model organge juice. In Food Flavors Formation, Analysis and Packaging Influences" (E. T. Contis, C.-T. Flo, C. J. Mussinan, T. FF. Parliment, F. Shahidi, and A. M. Spanier, eds.), pp. 743-751. Elsevier Science BV, Amsterdam. 

Miltz, J., Passy, N., and Mannheim, C. H. (1995). Trends and applications of active packaging systems. In "Foods and Packaging Materials—Chemical Interactions" (P. Ackermann, M. Jagerstad, and T. Ohlsson, eds.), pp. 201-210. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England. 

In spite of all these precautions a number of foods remain perishable to deterioration by microbial growth or chemical reactions. The sensory appearance of the food may be improved by adding or removing food constituents from the packaged food. Active packaging materials are available for various applications that may solve some of the problems found in food production and distribution and they may extend the shelf life or improve the appearance of foodstuffs. 

The application of active packaging is certainly not new. The most likely, oldest application of active packaging is the use of wood barrels for the storage and maturation of wine, whisky and other alcoholic stimulants. If the wooden barrels were used initially to store spirits, it was discovered a long time ago that due to the release and absorption of substances, the sensory properties of the stimulants were improved. 

Directive 2000/13/EC " deals with labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs and is applicable to all foodstuffs intended for sale to consumers or caterers. Also Directive 89/107/EEC ° sets requirements on labelling of food additives. In principle, all substances used in the manufacture or preparation of foodstuffs and still present in the finished product should be declared on the label in order to inform the consumer about the substances present. It is of no interest how or when the substances are added to the food and therefore substances released from an active packaging system should be declared. 

Table 17.1 Overall migration from selected active packaging materials... 

Fig. 17.4 Exploded view of dedicated testing of active packaging labels or sackets.

HAUSMANN K, scHOELZER R and visoLi D, Active packaging concepts for flexible packaging films. Abstract of lecture of the European networking conference on Active Intelligent packaging for food, Actipak unwraps Europe , held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 20-21 January 2003, p. 27-29. 

LOPEZ-CERVANTES J, SANCHEZ-MACHADO DL, PASTORELLI S, RIJK R and PASEIRO LOSADA P, Evaluating the migration of ingredients from active packaging and development of dedicated methods a study of two iron-based oxygen absorbers, Food Additives Cont. 2003, 20(3), 291-299. 

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