Activation function Actuator

The final instruments of planning CFPS are special plans or visualizations. These instruments typically provide information for CFPS in floor plans. The plans can be used to visualize areas with common CFPS, as well as location of actuators and its activation function. 

Functional and stmctural diversity of WWER-lOOOA -392 safety systems provide deep protection against common-course failures, and application of passive systems and active systems actuation without personnel interference yield deep protection against human errors. These engineering solutions used in NVAES-2 design enable the attainment of increased safety level, compared to the existing WWER-1000 plants. 

Actuate. To make possible or enable transform function on a target in a manner analogous to that in which a structural subunit can activate a molecule for chemical reaction. The verb actuate is the retrosynthetic equivalent of activate in the synthetic direction. 

Hydraulic control values can utilize a variety of actuators that activate their function. Normally these actuators use manual, electrical, mechanical or pneumatic power sources. 

The central computer is called the master terminal unit, or MTU. The MTU has two main functions to periodically obtain data from RTUs/PLCs and to control remote devices through the operator station. The operator interfaces with the MTU using software called human machine interface (HMI). The remote computer is called the program logic controller (PLC) or remote terminal unit (RTU). The RTU activates a relay (or switch) that turns mechanical equipment on and off. The RTU also collects data from sensors. Sensors perform measurement, and actuators perform control. 

Of particular interest to the operation of the system is the design of the actuator mechanism that shakes the canister, and performs both wasting and quantitative sample collection functions without active carry-over from one set of actuations to the next. 

Micropumps based on piezoelectrics are made of pumping chambers that are actuated by three piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate disks (PZT). The pump consists of an inlet, pump chambers, three silicon membranes, three normally closed active valves, three bulk PZT actuators, three actuation reservoirs, flow microchannels, and outlet. The actuator is controlled by the peristaltic motion that drives the liquid in the pump. The inlet and outlet of the micropump are made of a Pyrex glass, which makes it biocompatible. Gold is deposited between the actuators and the silicon membrane to act as an upper electrode. Silver functions as a lower electrode and is deposited on the sidewalls of the actuation reservoirs. In this design, three different pump chambers can be actuated separately by each bulk PZT actuator in a peristaltic motion. 

Because of the enormous diversity in components it is difficult to describe a straightforward design-path for components for the MCB concept. Here we focus on the modeling and the design of the fluid control modules and specific on the thermo-pneumatic actuated micropump used (twice) in the demonstrator. An elaborated model of this micropump is given by van de Pol et al. [21]. The main functions of the fluid control in micro analysis systems are the switching function and the direct flow and/or pressure control. Building blocks are hydraulic inertances, resistors, capacitors and passive and control-valves. Very often an active element like a micropump is needed. 

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